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Compare Lead vs Polonium

Comparing Lead (Pb) and Polonium (Po). Atomic numbers 82 and 84 with atomic masses 207.21 u and 209 u, classified as post-transition metal and post-transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Pb
Lead
#82
Po
Polonium
#84

Periodic properties of the elements

LeadPolonium
SymbolPbPo
Atomic number8284
Group1416
Period66
Blockpp
Element categoryPost-Transition MetalPost-Transition Metal

Physical properties

LeadPolonium
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density11.34 g/cm39.196 g/cm3
Atomic weight207.21 u209 u
Melting point600.61 K
327.46 °C
621.428 °F		527 K
253.85 °C
488.93 °F
Boiling point2022 K
1748.85 °C
3179.93 °F		1235 K
961.85 °C
1763.33 °F

Atomic properties

LeadPolonium
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.872
Electron affinity34.4204 kJ/mol136 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4
(an amphoteric oxide)		−2, +2, +4, +5, +6
(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 715.6 kJ/mol
  2. 1450.5 kJ/mol
  3. 3081.5 kJ/mol
  4. 4083 kJ/mol
  5. 6640 kJ/mol
  1. 812.1 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

LeadPolonium
Shorthand configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p4
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 42, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6

History

LeadPolonium
DiscoveryAncient Near East (7000 BC)Pierre Curie, Marie Curie (1898)
First isolationWilly Marckwald (1902)
Named byPierre Curie, Marie Curie
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