84
Po
209
Polonium
Post-Transition Metal
Group 16
Period 6
Block p
Polonium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Po and atomic number 84 with an atomic weight of 209 u and is classed as post-transition metal and is part of group 16 (oxygen group). Polonium is solid at room temperature.
Polonium in the periodic table
| Symbol | Po |
| Atomic number | 84 |
| Group | 16 (Oxygen group) |
| Period | 6 |
| Block | p |
| Classification | Post-Transition Metal |
| Appearance | Silvery |
| Color | Silver |
| Number of protons | 84 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 125 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 84 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPolonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores. Applications of polonium are few.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 9.196 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 209 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 527 K 253.85 °C 488.93 °F |
| Boiling point | 1235 K 961.85 °C 1763.33 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 120 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 2 |
| Electron affinity | 136 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | −2, +2, +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for polonium
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valence electrons | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency electrons | 2,4,6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Polonium (Po) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbital Diagram
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The history of Polonium
| Discovery | Pierre Curie, Marie Curie (1898) |
| First isolation | Willy Marckwald (1902) |
| Named by | Pierre Curie, Marie Curie |
Discovery of polonium Tentatively called "radium F", polonium was discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie in July 1898, when it was extracted from the uranium ore pitchblende and identified solely by its strong radioactivity: it was the first element to be so discovered. It was named after Marie Curie's native land of Poland (Latin: Polonia). Poland at the time was under Russian, German, and Austro-Hungarian partition, and did not exist as an independent country. It was Curie's hope that naming the element after her native land would publicize its lack of independence. Polonium may be the first element named to highlight a political controversy. German scientist Willy Marckwald successfully isolated 3 milligrams of polonium in 1902, though at the time he believed it was a new element, which he dubbed "radio-tellurium", and it was not until 1905 that it was demonstrated to be the same as polonium. | |
| Original word | Polonia |
| Language of origin | Latin |
| Name source | Place |
| Meaning | “Poland” |
| Country | Poland |
Naming The element is named after Poland, the native country of Marie Curie, who co-discovered it together with Pierre Curie in 1898. | |