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Compare Lead vs Carbon

Comparing Lead (Pb) and Carbon (C). Atomic numbers 82 and 6 with atomic masses 207.21 u and 12.01 u, classified as post-transition metal and nonmetal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Pb
Lead
#82
C
Carbon
#6

Periodic properties of the elements

LeadCarbon
SymbolPbC
Atomic number826
Group1414
Period62
Blockpp
Element categoryPost-Transition MetalNonmetal

Physical properties

LeadCarbon
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density11.34 g/cm31.821 g/cm3
Atomic weight207.21 u12.0096 u
Melting point600.61 K
327.46 °C
621.428 °F		-
Boiling point2022 K
1748.85 °C
3179.93 °F		-

Atomic properties

LeadCarbon
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.872.55
Electron affinity34.4204 kJ/mol121.776 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4
(an amphoteric oxide)		−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(a mildly acidic oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 715.6 kJ/mol
  2. 1450.5 kJ/mol
  3. 3081.5 kJ/mol
  4. 4083 kJ/mol
  5. 6640 kJ/mol
  1. 1086.5 kJ/mol
  2. 2352.6 kJ/mol
  3. 4620.5 kJ/mol
  4. 6222.7 kJ/mol
  5. 37831 kJ/mol
  6. 47277 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

LeadCarbon
Shorthand configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 [He] 2s2 2p2
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2 1s2 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 42, 4

History

LeadCarbon
DiscoveryAncient Near East (7000 BC)Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BC)
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