Thallium Bismuth

Lead (Pb)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaLead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.

Lead in the periodic table

Symbol

Atomic number

Group

Period

Block

Element category

Post-Transition Metal

Physical properties

Phase at STP

Solid

Density

11.34 g/cm³

Atomic weight

207.21 u

Melting point

600.61 K
327.46 °C
621.428 °F

Boiling point

2022 K
1748.85 °C
3179.93 °F

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)

1.87

Electron affinity

34.4204 kJ/mol

Oxidation states

−4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4
(an amphoteric oxide)

Ionization energies

1	715.6 kJ/mol
2	1450.5 kJ/mol
3	3081.5 kJ/mol
4	4083 kJ/mol
5	6640 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

Elektronkonfiguration (shorthand)

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4

History

Discovered

-7000

Discovered by

Africa