Boron Nitrogen

Carbon (C)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaCarbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.

Carbon in the periodic table

Symbol

Atomic number

Group

Period

Block

Element category

Nonmetal

Physical properties

Phase at STP

Solid

Density

1.821 g/cm³

Atomic weight

12.011 u

Melting point

Boiling point

K
°C
°F

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)

2.55

Electron affinity

121.776 kJ/mol

Oxidation states

−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(a mildly acidic oxide)

Ionization energies

1	1086.5 kJ/mol
2	2352.6 kJ/mol
3	4620.5 kJ/mol
4	6222.7 kJ/mol
5	37831 kJ/mol
6	47277 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

Elektronkonfiguration (shorthand)

[He] 2s² 2p²

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p²

Electrons per shell

2, 4

History

Discovered

-3750

Discovered by

Egyptians and Sumerians