Symbol	Sn
Atomic number	50
Group	14 (Carbon group)
Period	5
Block	p
Classification	Post-Transition Metal

Appearance	Silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)
Color	Silver

Number of protons	50 p+
Number of neutrons	69 n0
Number of electrons	50 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4.

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	7.365 g/cm3
Atomic weight	118.711 u

Melting point	505.08 K 231.93 °C 449.474 °F
Boiling point	2875 K 2601.85 °C 4715.33 °F
Heat of vaporization	290.37 kJ/mol

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.96
Electron affinity	107.298 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies	708.6 kJ/mol 1411.8 kJ/mol 2943 kJ/mol 3930.3 kJ/mol 7456 kJ/mol

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p2
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Valence electrons	4
Valency electrons	2,4
Bohr model	Figure: Shell diagram of Tin (Sn) atom.
Orbital Diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s 5p

Discovery

Asia Minor (3500 BC)

Discovery of tin Tin extraction and use can be dated to the beginnings of the Bronze Age around 3000 BC, when it was observed that copper objects formed of polymetallic ores with different metal contents had different physical properties. The earliest bronze objects had a tin or arsenic content of less than 2% and are believed to be the result of unintentional alloying due to trace metal content in the copper ore. The oldest artifacts date from around 2000 BC.

CAS Number	7440-31-5
ChemSpider ID	4509318
EC number	231-141-8
PubChem CID Number	5352426