Antimony

Symbol	Sb
Atomic number	51
Group	15 (Nitrogen group)
Period	5
Block	p
Classification	Metalloid

Appearance	Silvery lustrous gray
Color	Silver

Number of protons	51 p+
Number of neutrons	71 n0
Number of electrons	51 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAntimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery.

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	6.697 g/cm3
Atomic weight	121.76 u

Melting point	903.78 K 630.63 °C 1167.134 °F
Boiling point	1908 K 1634.85 °C 2974.73 °F
Heat of vaporization	67.97 kJ/mol

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	2.05
Electron affinity	101.059 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies	834 kJ/mol 1594.9 kJ/mol 2440 kJ/mol 4260 kJ/mol 5400 kJ/mol 10400 kJ/mol

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 5
Valence electrons	5
Valency electrons	3,5
Bohr model	Figure: Shell diagram of Antimony (Sb) atom.
Orbital Diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s 5p

Discovery

Jabir ibn Hayyan (intentional isolation) (850)

Discovery of antimony Dioscorides and Pliny both describe the accidental production of metallic antimony from stibnite, but only seem to recognize the metal as lead. The intentional isolation of antimony is described in the works attributed to the Muslim alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (c. 850–950). In Europe, the metal was being produced and used by 1540, when it was described by Vannoccio Biringuccio. The first discovery of naturally occurring pure antimony in the Earth's crust was described by the Swedish scientist and local mine district engineer Anton von Swab in 1783; the type-sample was collected from the Sala Silver Mine in the Bergslagen mining district of Sala, Västmanland, Sweden.

Original word	anti + monos
Language of origin	Greek
Name source	Properties
Meaning	“Not alone”
Symbol origin	Symbol Sb is from Latin name stibium, which is derived from Greek Στίβι (stíbi).
Naming The name comes from the Greek 'anti + monos', meaning 'not alone', referring to the fact that antimony is rarely found in its native, uncombined form.

CAS Number	7440-36-0
ChemSpider ID	4510681
EC number	231-146-5
PubChem CID Number	5354495