Beryllium (Be)

Beryllium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Be and atomic number 4 with an atomic weight of 9.01218 u and is classed as alkaline earth metal and is part of group 2 (alkaline earth metal). Beryllium is solid at room temperature.

Lithium Periodic table Boron

Beryllium in the periodic table

Symbol	Be
Atomic number	4
Group	2 (Alkaline earth metal)
Period	2
Block	s
Classification	Alkaline Earth Metal

Appearance	White-gray metallic
Color	SlateGray

Number of protons	4 p⁺
Number of neutrons	5 n⁰
Number of electrons	4 e^-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBeryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is created through stellar nucleosynthesis and is a relatively rare element in the universe. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals.

Physical properties

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	1.85 g/cm³
Atomic weight	9.01218 u

Thermal properties

Melting point	1560 K 1286.85 °C 2348.33 °F
Boiling point	2742 K 2468.85 °C 4475.93 °F
Heat of vaporization	297 kJ/mol

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.57
Electron affinity	-48 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies	899.5 kJ/mol 1757.1 kJ/mol 14848.7 kJ/mol 21006.6 kJ/mol

Electron configuration for beryllium

Electron configuration

Shorthand configuration

[He] 2s²

Electron configuration

Full configuration

1s² 2s²

Electron configuration chart

1s²

2s²

Electrons per shell

2, 2

Valence electrons

2

Valency electrons

2

Bohr model

Figure: Shell diagram of Beryllium (Be) atom.

Orbital Diagram

1s
2s

The history of Beryllium

Discovery	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798)
First isolation	Friedrich Wöhler, Antoine Bussy (1828)
Discovery of beryllium The mineral beryl, which contains beryllium, has been used at least since the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. In the first century CE, Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder mentioned in his encyclopedia Natural History that beryl and emerald ("smaragdus") were similar. The Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis, written in the third or fourth century CE, contains notes on how to prepare artificial emerald and beryl. In a 1798 paper read before the Institut de France, Vauquelin reported that he found a new "earth" by dissolving aluminium hydroxide from emerald and beryl in an additional alkali. The editors of the journal Annales de Chimie et de Physique named the new earth "glucine" for the sweet taste of some of its compounds. Klaproth preferred the name "beryllina" due to the fact that yttria also formed sweet salts. The name "beryllium" was first used by Wöhler in 1828.

Periodic table history

Identifiers

List of unique identifiers for Beryllium in various chemical registry databases

CAS Number	7440-41-7
ChemSpider ID	4573986
EC number	231-150-7
PubChem CID Number	5460467