| Symbol | Li |
| Atomic number | 3 |
| Group | 1 (Alkali metal) |
| Period | 2 |
| Block | s |
| Classification | Alkali Metal |
| Appearance | Silvery-white |
| Color | Silver |
| Number of protons | 3 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 4 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 3 e- |
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 0.534 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 6.938 u |
| Melting point | 453.65 K 180.5 °C 356.9 °F |
| Boiling point | 1603 K 1329.85 °C 2425.73 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 147.1 kJ/mol |
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 0.98 |
| Electron affinity | 59.6326 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
|
| Discovery | Johan August Arfwedson (1817) |
| First isolation | William Thomas Brande, Sir Humphrey Davy (1821) |
Discovery of lithium Petalite was discovered in 1800 by the Brazilian chemist and statesman José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva in a mine on the island of Utö, Sweden. However, it was not until 1817 that Johan August Arfwedson, then working in the laboratory of the chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, detected the presence of a new element while analyzing petalite ore. This element formed compounds similar to those of sodium and potassium, though its carbonate and hydroxide were less soluble in water and less alkaline. Berzelius gave the alkaline material the name "lithion/lithina", from the Greek word λιθoς (transliterated as lithos, meaning "stone"), to reflect its discovery in a solid mineral, as opposed to potassium, which had been discovered in plant ashes, and sodium, which was known partly for its high abundance in animal blood. He named the metal inside the material "lithium". | |