Manganese

Symbol	Mn
Atomic number	25
Group	7 (Manganese group)
Period	4
Block	d
Classification	Transition Metal

Appearance	Silvery metallic
Color	Silver

Number of protons	25 p+
Number of neutrons	30 n0
Number of electrons	25 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaManganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	7.21 g/cm3
Atomic weight	54.938 u

Melting point	1519 K 1245.85 °C 2274.53 °F
Boiling point	2334 K 2060.85 °C 3741.53 °F
Heat of vaporization	219.74 kJ/mol

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.55
Electron affinity	-50 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies	717.3 kJ/mol 1509 kJ/mol 3248 kJ/mol 4940 kJ/mol 6990 kJ/mol 9220 kJ/mol 11500 kJ/mol 18770 kJ/mol 21400 kJ/mol 23960 kJ/mol 27590 kJ/mol 30330 kJ/mol 33150 kJ/mol 38880 kJ/mol 41987 kJ/mol 109480 kJ/mol 118100 kJ/mol 127100 kJ/mol 138600 kJ/mol 148500 kJ/mol 158600 kJ/mol 172500 kJ/mol 181380 kJ/mol 785450 kJ/mol 827067 kJ/mol

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 13, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	7
Valency electrons	2,4,7
Bohr model	Figure: Shell diagram of Manganese (Mn) atom.
Orbital Diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s

Discovery	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774)
First isolation	Johann Gottlieb Gahn (1774)
Discovery of manganese Manganese compounds were used by Egyptian and Roman glassmakers, either to add to, or remove, color from glass. Use as "glassmakers soap" continued through the Middle Ages until modern times and is evident in 14th-century glass from Venice. Because it was used in glassmaking, manganese dioxide was available for experiments by alchemists, the first chemists. Ignatius Gottfried Kaim (1770) and Johann Glauber (17th century) discovered that manganese dioxide could be converted to permanganate, a useful laboratory reagent. By the mid-18th century, the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele used manganese dioxide to produce chlorine. By the mid-18th century, Carl Wilhelm Scheele used pyrolusite to produce chlorine. Scheele and others were aware that pyrolusite (now known to be manganese dioxide) contained a new element. Johan Gottlieb Gahn was the first to isolate an impure sample of manganese metal in 1774, which he did by reducing the dioxide with carbon.

Original word	magnes
Language of origin	Latin
Name source	Properties
Meaning	“Magnet”
Naming The name either derives from the Latin word 'magnes', meaning magnet, or from ‘magnesia nigra’ indicating the black magnesium oxide in Latin.

CAS Number	7439-96-5
ChemSpider ID	22372
EC number	231-105-1
PubChem CID Number	23930