94
Pu
244
Plutonium
Actinide
Period 7
Block f
Plutonium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Pu and atomic number 94 with an atomic weight of 244 u and is classed as actinide. Plutonium is solid at room temperature.
Plutonium in the periodic table
| Symbol | Pu |
| Atomic number | 94 |
| Group | - |
| Period | 7 |
| Block | f |
| Classification | Actinide |
| Appearance | Silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air |
| Color | Silver |
| Number of protons | 94 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 150 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 94 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPlutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 19.816 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 244 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 912.5 K 639.35 °C 1182.83 °F |
| Boiling point | 3505 K 3231.85 °C 5849.33 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 333.5 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 1.28 |
| Electron affinity | -48.33 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for plutonium
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [Rn] 5f6 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f6 6s2 6p6 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outer shell electrons | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency electrons | 3,4,5,6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Plutonium (Pu) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbital Diagram
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The history of Plutonium
| Discovery | Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940) |
Discovery of plutonium Plutonium was produced in late 1940 at Berkeley by Glenn Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, Joseph Kennedy and Arthur Wahl by bombarding uranium-238 with deuterons. Named after the dwarf planet Pluto to follow the pattern of uranium and neptunium, plutonium-239 became the fissile material of the Trinity test and the Fat Man bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945. | |
| Original word | Pluto |
| Language of origin | Latin |
| Name source | Astronomical body |
| Meaning | “Pluto (planet)” |
Naming The element is named after the dwarf planet Pluto, following on from uranium and neptunium in the planetary naming sequence. | |