79
Au
196.967
Gold
Transition Metal
Group 11
Period 6
Block d
Gold is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Au and atomic number 79 with an atomic weight of 196.967 u and is classed as transition metal and is part of group 11 (coinage metals). Gold is solid at room temperature.
Gold in the periodic table
| Symbol | Au |
| Atomic number | 79 |
| Group | 11 (Coinage metals) |
| Period | 6 |
| Block | d |
| Classification | Transition Metal |
| Appearance | Metallic yellow |
| Color | Gold |
| Number of protons | 79 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 118 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 79 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaGold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 19.3 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 196.967 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 1337.33 K 1064.18 °C 1947.524 °F |
| Boiling point | 3243 K 2969.85 °C 5377.73 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 324.43 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 2.54 |
| Electron affinity | 222.747 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for gold
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outer shell electrons | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valence electrons (incl. d) | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency electrons | 1,3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Gold (Au) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbital Diagram
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The history of Gold
| Discovery | Levant (6000 BC) |
Discovery of gold The earliest recorded metal employed by humans appears to be gold, which can be found free or "native". Small amounts of natural gold have been found in Spanish caves used during the late Paleolithic period, c. 40,000 BC. Gold artifacts probably made their first appearance in Ancient Egypt at the very beginning of the pre-dynastic period, at the end of the fifth millennium BC and the start of the fourth, and smelting was developed during the course of the 4th millennium; gold artifacts appear in the archeology of Lower Mesopotamia during the early 4th millennium. The earliest gold artifacts were discovered at the site of Wadi Qana in the Levant. | |
| Original word | gold |
| Language of origin | Anglo-Saxon |
| Name source | Properties |
| Meaning | “Gold” |
| Symbol origin | Symbol Au is from Latin aurum. |
Naming The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon 'gold'. The symbol Au is from the Latin aurum, meaning shining dawn. | |