67
Ho
164.93
Holmium
Lanthanide
Period 6
Block f
Holmium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Ho and atomic number 67 with an atomic weight of 164.93 u and is classed as lanthanide. Holmium is solid at room temperature.
Holmium in the periodic table
| Symbol | Ho |
| Atomic number | 67 |
| Group | - |
| Period | 6 |
| Block | f |
| Classification | Lanthanide |
| Appearance | Silvery white |
| Color | Silver |
| Number of protons | 67 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 98 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 67 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaHolmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Holmium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 8.79 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 164.93 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 1734 K 1460.85 °C 2661.53 °F |
| Boiling point | 2873 K 2599.85 °C 4711.73 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 251.04 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 1.23 |
| Electron affinity | 32.61 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | 0, +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for holmium
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [Xe] 4f11 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f11 5s2 5p6 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outer shell electrons | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency electrons | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Holmium (Ho) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbital Diagram
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The history of Holmium
| Discovery | Jacques-Louis Soret, Marc Delafontaine (1878) |
| First isolation | Per Teodor Cleve (1879) |
| Named by | Per Teodor Cleve (1879) |
Discovery of holmium Holmium was discovered through isolation by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve and independently by Jacques-Louis Soret and Marc Delafontaine, who observed it spectroscopically in 1878. Its oxide was first isolated from rare-earth ores by Cleve in 1878. The element's name comes from Holmia, the Latin name for the city of Stockholm. As well, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth (erbium oxide), and was the first to isolate it. Using the method developed by Carl Gustaf Mosander, Cleve first removed all of the known contaminants from erbia. The result of that effort was two new materials, one brown and one green. He named the brown substance holmia (after the Latin name for Cleve's home town, Stockholm) and the green one thulia. Holmia was later found to be the holmium oxide, and thulia was thulium oxide. Like many other lanthanides, holmium is found in the minerals monazite and gadolinite and is usually commercially extracted from monazite using ion-exchange techniques. | |
| Original word | Holmia |
| Language of origin | Latin |
| Name source | Place |
| Meaning | “Holmia (Stockholm)” |
| Country | Sweden |
Naming The name is derived from the Latin word for the city of Stockholm, Holmia. | |