Dysprosium (Dy)

Dysprosium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Dy and atomic number 66 with an atomic weight of 162.5 u and is classed as lanthanide. Dysprosium is solid at room temperature.

Terbium Periodic table Holmium

Dysprosium in the periodic table

Symbol	Dy
Atomic number	66
Group	-
Period	6
Block	f
Classification	Lanthanide

Appearance	Silvery white
Color	Silver

Number of protons	66 p⁺
Number of neutrons	97 n⁰
Number of electrons	66 e^-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaDysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime.

Physical properties

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	8.54 g/cm³
Atomic weight	162.5 u

Thermal properties

Melting point	1680 K 1406.85 °C 2564.33 °F
Boiling point	2840 K 2566.85 °C 4652.33 °F
Heat of vaporization	230 kJ/mol

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.22
Electron affinity	33.96 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)
Ionization energies	573 kJ/mol 1130 kJ/mol 2200 kJ/mol 3990 kJ/mol

Electron configuration for dysprosium

Electron configuration

Shorthand configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s²

Electron configuration

Full configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 6s²

Electron configuration chart

1s²
2s²	2p⁶
3s²	3p⁶	3d¹⁰
4s²	4p⁶	4d¹⁰	4f¹⁰
5s²	5p⁶
6s²

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2

Valence electrons

2

Valency electrons

3

Bohr model

Figure: Shell diagram of Dysprosium (Dy) atom.

Orbital Diagram

1s

2s

2p

3s

3p

3d

4s

4p

4d

4f

5s

5p

6s

The history of Dysprosium

Discovery	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
First isolation	Georges Urbain (1906)
Named by	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
Discovery of dysprosium In 1878, erbium ores were found to contain the oxides of holmium and thulium. French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, while working with holmium oxide, separated dysprosium oxide from it in Paris in 1886. His procedure for isolating the dysprosium involved dissolving dysprosium oxide in acid, then adding ammonia to precipitate the hydroxide. He was only able to isolate dysprosium from its oxide after more than 30 attempts at his procedure. On succeeding, he named the element dysprosium from the Greek dysprositos (δυσπρόσιτος), meaning "hard to get". The element was not isolated in relatively pure form until after the development of ion exchange techniques by Frank Spedding at Iowa State University in the early 1950s.

Periodic table history

Identifiers

List of unique identifiers for Dysprosium in various chemical registry databases

CAS Number	7429-91-6
ChemSpider ID	22355
EC number	231-073-9
PubChem CID Number	23912