64
Gd
157.253
Gadolinium
Lanthanide
Period 6
Block f
Gadolinium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Gd and atomic number 64 with an atomic weight of 157.253 u and is classed as lanthanide. Gadolinium is solid at room temperature.
Gadolinium in the periodic table
| Symbol | Gd |
| Atomic number | 64 |
| Group | - |
| Period | 6 |
| Block | f |
| Classification | Lanthanide |
| Appearance | Silvery white |
| Color | Silver |
| Number of protons | 64 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 93 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 64 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaGadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 7.9 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 157.253 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 1585 K 1311.85 °C 2393.33 °F |
| Boiling point | 3273 K 2999.85 °C 5431.73 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 311.71 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 1.2 |
| Electron affinity | 13.22 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | 0, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for gadolinium
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outer shell electrons | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency electrons | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Gadolinium (Gd) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbital Diagram
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The history of Gadolinium
| Discovery | Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1880) |
| First isolation | Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886) |
Discovery of gadolinium Gadolinium is named after the mineral gadolinite, in turn named after Finnish chemist and geologist Johan Gadolin. In 1880, the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac observed the spectroscopic lines from gadolinium in samples of gadolinite (which actually contains relatively little gadolinium, but enough to show a spectrum) and in the separate mineral cerite. The latter mineral proved to contain far more of the element with the new spectral line. De Marignac eventually separated a mineral oxide from cerite, which he realized was the oxide of this new element. He named the oxide "gadolinia". Because he realized that "gadolinia" was the oxide of a new element, he is credited with the discovery of gadolinium. The French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran carried out the separation of gadolinium metal from gadolinia in 1886. | |
| Original word | Gadolin |
| Language of origin | Swedish |
| Name source | Person |
| Meaning | “Johan Gadolin” |
| Country | Finland |
Naming The name honours the Finnish chemist and mineralogist Johan Gadolin, the first to isolate a rare-earth oxide and pioneer of rare-earth chemistry. | |