65
Tb
158.925
Terbium
Lanthanide
Period 6
Block f
Terbium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Tb and atomic number 65 with an atomic weight of 158.925 u and is classed as lanthanide. Terbium is solid at room temperature.
Terbium in the periodic table
| Symbol | Tb |
| Atomic number | 65 |
| Group | - |
| Period | 6 |
| Block | f |
| Classification | Lanthanide |
| Appearance | Silvery white |
| Color | Silver |
| Number of protons | 65 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 94 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 65 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTerbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 8.23 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 158.925 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 1629 K 1355.85 °C 2472.53 °F |
| Boiling point | 3396 K 3122.85 °C 5653.13 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 330.9 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 1.1 |
| Electron affinity | 112.4 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for terbium
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [Xe] 4f9 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f9 5s2 5p6 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outer shell electrons | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency electrons | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Terbium (Tb) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbital Diagram
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The history of Terbium
| Discovery and first isolation | Carl Gustaf Mosander (1843) |
Discovery of terbium Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander discovered terbium as a chemical element in 1843. He detected it as an impurity in yttrium oxide, Y2O3. Yttrium and terbium, as well as erbium and ytterbium, are named after the village of Ytterby in Sweden. Terbium was not isolated in pure form until the advent of ion exchange techniques. | |
| Original word | Ytterby |
| Language of origin | Swedish |
| Name source | Place |
| Meaning | “Ytterby” |
| Country | Sweden |
Naming The name is derived from the Swedish village of Ytterby, whose feldspar quarry has lent its name to four elements (terbium, erbium, ytterbium and yttrium). | |