35
Br
79.901
Bromine
Nonmetal
Group 17
Period 4
Block p
Liquid
Bromine is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Br and atomic number 35 with an atomic weight of 79.901 u and is classed as nonmetal and is part of group 17 (fluorine group). Bromine is liquid at room temperature.
Bromine in the periodic table
| Symbol | Br |
| Atomic number | 35 |
| Group | 17 (Fluorine group) |
| Period | 4 |
| Block | p |
| Classification | Nonmetal |
| Appearance | - |
| Color | Red |
| Number of protons | 35 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 45 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 35 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBromine (from Ancient Greek:βρῶμος, brómos, meaning "stench") is a chemical element with symbol Br, and atomic number 35. It is a halogen. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Liquid |
| Density | 3.1028 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 79.901 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 265.8 K -7.35 °C 18.77 °F |
| Boiling point | 332 K 58.85 °C 137.93 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 14.725 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 2.96 |
| Electron affinity | 324.537 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for bromine
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valence electrons | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency electrons | 1,3,5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Bromine (Br) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbital Diagram |
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The history of Bromine
| Discovery and first isolation | Antoine Jérôme Balard, Carl Jacob Löwig (1825) |
Discovery of bromine Bromine was discovered independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Balard, in 1825 and 1826, respectively. Löwig isolated bromine from a mineral water spring from his hometown Bad Kreuznach in 1825. Löwig used a solution of the mineral salt saturated with chlorine and extracted the bromine with diethyl ether. The publication of the results was delayed and Balard published his results first. Balard found bromine chemicals in the ash of seaweed from the salt marshes of Montpellier. The seaweed was used to produce iodine, but also contained bromine. Balard distilled the bromine from a solution of seaweed ash saturated with chlorine. The properties of the resulting substance were intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine; thus he tried to prove that the substance was iodine monochloride (ICl), but after failing to do so he was sure that he had found a new element and named it muride, derived from the Latin word muria ("brine"). | |
| Original word | bromos |
| Language of origin | Greek |
| Name source | Properties |
| Meaning | “Stench” |
Naming The name comes from the Ancient Greek 'bromos' (βρῶμος) meaning stench, referring to its sharp and pungent smell. | |