35
Br
79.901
Brom
Engelska: Bromine
Icke-metall
Grupp 17
Period 4
Block p
Flytande
Brom är ett kemiskt grundämne i det periodiska systemet med kemisk beteckningen Br och atomnummer 35 med en atomvikt på 79.901 u och klassas som icke-metall och ingår i grupp 17 (halogener). Brom är flytande vid rumstemperatur.
Brom i det periodiska systemet
| Tecken | Br |
| Atomnummer | 35 |
| Grupp | 17 (Halogener) |
| Period | 4 |
| Block | p |
| Ämnesklass | Icke-metall |
| Utseende | - |
| Färg | Röd |
| Antal protoner | 35 p+ |
| Antal neutroner | 45 n0 |
| Antal elektroner | 35 e- |
Från Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedinBrom (latinskt namn, bromum) är ett icke-metalliskt grundämne som tillhör gruppen halogener.
Fysikaliska egenskaper
| Fas vid STP | Flytande |
| Densitet | 3.1028 g/cm3 |
| Relativ atommassa | 79.901 u |
Thermal properties
| Smältpunkt | 265.8 K -7.35 °C 18.77 °F |
| Kokpunkt | 332 K 58.85 °C 137.93 °F |
| Ångbildningsvärme | 14.725 kJ/mol |
Atomära egenskaper
| Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan) | 2.96 |
| Elektronaffinitet | 324.537 kJ/mol |
| Oxidationstal | −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) |
| Jonisationspotential |
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Elektronkonfiguration för brom
Elektronkonfiguration Kortfattad konfiguration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full konfiguration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elektronkonfigurationsdiagram |
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| Elektroner per skal | 2, 8, 18, 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valenselektroner | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency-elektroner | 1,3,5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohrs atommodell | Figur: Skaldiagram över Brom (Br) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbitaldiagram |
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The history of Bromine
| Upptäckt och första isolation | Antoine Jérôme Balard, Carl Jacob Löwig (1825) |
Upptäckten av brom Bromine was discovered independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Balard, in 1825 and 1826, respectively. Löwig isolated bromine from a mineral water spring from his hometown Bad Kreuznach in 1825. Löwig used a solution of the mineral salt saturated with chlorine and extracted the bromine with diethyl ether. The publication of the results was delayed and Balard published his results first. Balard found bromine chemicals in the ash of seaweed from the salt marshes of Montpellier. The seaweed was used to produce iodine, but also contained bromine. Balard distilled the bromine from a solution of seaweed ash saturated with chlorine. The properties of the resulting substance were intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine; thus he tried to prove that the substance was iodine monochloride (ICl), but after failing to do so he was sure that he had found a new element and named it muride, derived from the Latin word muria ("brine"). | |
| Original word | bromos |
| Language of origin | Greek |
| Name source | Egenskaper |
| Meaning | “Stench” |
Naming The name comes from the Ancient Greek 'bromos' (βρῶμος) meaning stench, referring to its sharp and pungent smell. | |