Cobalt Copper

Nickel (Ni)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaNickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.

Nickel in the periodic table

Symbol

Atomic number

Group

Period

Block

Element category

Transition Metal

Physical properties

Phase at STP

Solid

Density

8.908 g/cm³

Atomic weight

58.6934 u

Melting point

1728 K
1454.85 °C
2650.73 °F

Boiling point

3003 K
2729.85 °C
4945.73 °F

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)

1.91

Electron affinity

111.65 kJ/mol

Oxidation states

−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(a mildly basic oxide)

Ionization energies

1	737.1 kJ/mol
2	1753 kJ/mol
3	3395 kJ/mol
4	5300 kJ/mol
5	7339 kJ/mol
6	10400 kJ/mol
7	12800 kJ/mol
8	15600 kJ/mol
9	18600 kJ/mol
10	21670 kJ/mol
11	30970 kJ/mol
12	34000 kJ/mol
13	37100 kJ/mol
14	41500 kJ/mol
15	44800 kJ/mol
16	48100 kJ/mol
17	55101 kJ/mol
18	58570 kJ/mol
19	148700 kJ/mol
20	159000 kJ/mol
21	169400 kJ/mol
22	182700 kJ/mol
23	194000 kJ/mol
24	205600 kJ/mol
25	221400 kJ/mol
26	231490 kJ/mol
27	992718 kJ/mol
28	1039668 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

Elektronkonfiguration (shorthand)

[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 16, 2

History

Discovered

1751

Discovered by

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt