Nikkel

Symbol	Ni
Atomnummer	28
Gruppe	10 (Nikkelgruppe)
Periode	4
Blok	d
Klassifikation	Overgangsmetal

Udseende	Lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Farve	Grå

Antal protoner	28 p+
Antal neutroner	31 n0
Antal elektroner	28 e-

Fra Wikipedia, den gratis encyklopædiNikkel (af kupfernickel; et ældre tysk ord for det nikkelholdige mineral nikkelin) er det 28. grundstof i det periodiske system og har det kemiske symbol Ni: Under normale temperatur- og trykforhold optræder dette overgangsmetal som et sølvhvidt, skinnende metal med en høj massefylde. Nikkel er et relativt hårdt, men formbart metal med en overflade, der kan poleres temmelig glat. Nikkel er ferromagnetisk. Det optræder meget ofte sammen med kobolt.

Fase ved STP	Fast
Massefylde	8.908 g/cm3
Atommasse	58.6934 u

Smeltepunkt	1728 K 1454.85 °C 2650.73 °F
Kogepunkt	3003 K 2729.85 °C 4945.73 °F
Fordampningsvarme	377.5 kJ/mol

Elektronegativitet (Pauling Scale)	1.91
Elektronaffinitet	111.65 kJ/mol
Oxidationstrin	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
Ioniseringsenergier	737.1 kJ/mol 1753 kJ/mol 3395 kJ/mol 5300 kJ/mol 7339 kJ/mol 10400 kJ/mol 12800 kJ/mol 15600 kJ/mol 18600 kJ/mol 21670 kJ/mol 30970 kJ/mol 34000 kJ/mol 37100 kJ/mol 41500 kJ/mol 44800 kJ/mol 48100 kJ/mol 55101 kJ/mol 58570 kJ/mol 148700 kJ/mol 159000 kJ/mol 169400 kJ/mol 182700 kJ/mol 194000 kJ/mol 205600 kJ/mol 221400 kJ/mol 231490 kJ/mol 992718 kJ/mol 1039668 kJ/mol

Elektronkonfiguration Kortfattet konfiguration	[Ar] 3d8 4s2
Elektronkonfiguration Fuld konfiguration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2
Elektronkonfigurationsdiagram	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2
Elektroner pr. Skal	2, 8, 16, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	10
Valency-elektroner	3,2
Bohrs atommodel	Figur: Skaldiagram af Nikkel (Ni) atom.
Orbital diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s

Opdagelse og første isolation

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)

Opdagelse af nikkel Use of nickel (as natural meteoric nickel–iron alloy) has been traced as far back as 3500 BCE. In medieval Germany, a metallic yellow mineral was found in the Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) that resembled copper ore. But when miners were unable to get any copper from it, they blamed a mischievous sprite of German mythology, Nickel (similar to Old Nick), for besetting the copper. They called this ore Kupfernickel from German Kupfer 'copper'. This ore is now known as the mineral nickeline (formerly niccolite), a nickel arsenide. In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt tried to extract copper from kupfernickel at a cobalt mine in the village of Los, Sweden, and instead produced a white metal that he named nickel after the spirit that had given its name to the mineral. In modern German, Kupfernickel or Kupfer-Nickel designates the alloy cupronickel.

Original word	kupfernickel
Language of origin	German
Name source	Mytologi
Meaning	“Devil's copper”
Naming The name is derived from a mischievous sprite of German miner mythology, Nickel (similar to Old Nick), who personified the fact that copper-nickel ores resisted refinement into copper. It also from the German word for the mineral niccolite, kupfernickel, which means "Old Nick's copper."

CAS Number	7440-02-0
ChemSpider ID	910
EC number	231-111-4
PubChem CID Number	935