Titanium (Ti)

Titanium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Ti and atomic number 22 with an atomic weight of 47.8671 u and is classed as transition metal and is part of group 4 (titanium group). Titanium is solid at room temperature.

Scandium Periodic table Vanadium

Titanium in the periodic table

Symbol	Ti
Atomic number	22
Group	4 (Titanium group)
Period	4
Block	d
Classification	Transition Metal

Appearance	Silvery grey-white metallic
Color	Silver

Number of protons	22 p⁺
Number of neutrons	26 n⁰
Number of electrons	22 e^-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTitanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia and chlorine.

Physical properties

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	4.506 g/cm³
Atomic weight	47.8671 u

Thermal properties

Melting point	1941 K 1667.85 °C 3034.13 °F
Boiling point	3560 K 3286.85 °C 5948.33 °F
Heat of vaporization	425.2 kJ/mol

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.54
Electron affinity	7.289 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies	658.8 kJ/mol 1309.8 kJ/mol 2652.5 kJ/mol 4174.6 kJ/mol 9581 kJ/mol 11533 kJ/mol 13590 kJ/mol 16440 kJ/mol 18530 kJ/mol 20833 kJ/mol 25575 kJ/mol 28125 kJ/mol 76015 kJ/mol 83280 kJ/mol 90880 kJ/mol 100700 kJ/mol 109100 kJ/mol 117800 kJ/mol 129900 kJ/mol 137530 kJ/mol 602930 kJ/mol 639294 kJ/mol

Electron configuration for titanium

Electron configuration

Shorthand configuration

[Ar] 3d² 4s²

Electron configuration

Full configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s²

Electron configuration chart

1s²
2s²	2p⁶
3s²	3p⁶	3d²
4s²

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 10, 2

Valence electrons

4

Valency electrons

2,3,4

Bohr model

Figure: Shell diagram of Titanium (Ti) atom.

Orbital Diagram

1s
2s	2p
3s	3p	3d
4s

The history of Titanium

Discovery	William Gregor (1791)
First isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1825)
Named by	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1795)
Discovery of titanium Titanium was discovered in 1791 by the clergyman and geologist William Gregor as an inclusion of a mineral in Cornwall, Great Britain. Gregor recognized the presence of a new element in ilmenite when he found black sand by a stream and noticed the sand was attracted by a magnet. Analyzing the sand, he determined the presence of two metal oxides: iron oxide (explaining the attraction to the magnet) and 45.25% of a white metallic oxide he could not identify. Realizing that the unidentified oxide contained a metal that did not match any known element, in 1791 Gregor reported his findings in both German and French science journals:Crell's Annalen and Observations et Mémoires sur la Physique. Around the same time, Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein produced a similar substance, but could not identify it. The oxide was independently rediscovered in 1795 by Prussian chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth in rutile from Boinik (the German name of Bajmócska), a village in Hungary (now Bojničky in Slovakia). Klaproth found that it contained a new element and named it for the Titans of Greek mythology. After hearing about Gregor's earlier discovery, he obtained a sample of manaccanite and confirmed that it contained titanium.

Periodic table history

Identifiers

List of unique identifiers for Titanium in various chemical registry databases

CAS Number	7440-32-6
ChemSpider ID	22402
EC number	231-142-3
PubChem CID Number	23963