Vanadium

Symbol	V
Atomic number	23
Group	5 (Vanadium group)
Period	4
Block	d
Classification	Transition Metal

Appearance	Blue-silver-grey metal
Color	Silver

Number of protons	23 p+
Number of neutrons	28 n0
Number of electrons	23 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaVanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	6 g/cm3
Atomic weight	50.9415 u

Melting point	2183 K 1909.85 °C 3469.73 °F
Boiling point	3680 K 3406.85 °C 6164.33 °F
Heat of vaporization	446.7 kJ/mol

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.63
Electron affinity	50.911 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies	650.9 kJ/mol 1414 kJ/mol 2830 kJ/mol 4507 kJ/mol 6298.7 kJ/mol 12363 kJ/mol 14530 kJ/mol 16730 kJ/mol 19860 kJ/mol 22240 kJ/mol 24670 kJ/mol 29730 kJ/mol 32446 kJ/mol 86450 kJ/mol 94170 kJ/mol 102300 kJ/mol 112700 kJ/mol 121600 kJ/mol 130700 kJ/mol 143400 kJ/mol 151440 kJ/mol 661050 kJ/mol 699144 kJ/mol

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 11, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	5
Valency electrons	2,3,4,5
Bohr model	Figure: Shell diagram of Vanadium (V) atom.
Orbital Diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s

Discovery and first isolation	Andrés Manuel del Río (1801)
Named by	Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Discovery of vanadium Spanish scientist Andrés Manuel del Río discovered compounds of vanadium in 1801 in Mexico by analyzing a new lead-bearing mineral he called "brown lead". Though he initially presumed its qualities were due to the presence of a new element, he was later erroneously convinced by French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils that the element was just chromium. Then in 1830, Nils Gabriel Sefström generated chlorides of vanadium, thus proving there was a new element, and named it "vanadium" after the Scandinavian goddess of beauty and fertility, Vanadís (Freyja). The name was based on the wide range of colors found in vanadium compounds. Del Rio's lead mineral was ultimately named vanadinite for its vanadium content. In 1867 Henry Enfield Roscoe obtained the pure element.

Original word	Vanadis
Language of origin	Norse
Name source	Mythology
Meaning	“Vanadis (Freyja)”
Naming The name originated from 'Vanadis', the old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess of of love and beauty (Freyja), because of the beautiful multicolored compounds formed by the metal.

CAS Number	7440-62-2
ChemSpider ID	22426
EC number	231-171-1
PubChem CID Number	23990