Scandium

Symbol	Sc
Atomnummer	21
Gruppe	3 (Scandiumgruppe)
Periode	4
Blok	d
Klassifikation	Overgangsmetal

Udseende	Silvery white
Farve	Sølv

Antal protoner	21 p+
Antal neutroner	24 n0
Antal elektroner	21 e-

Fra Wikipedia, den gratis encyklopædiScandium er det 21. grundstof i det periodiske system og har det kemiske symbol Sc. Det er et overgangsmetal, som under normale temperatur- og trykforhold optræder som et sølvskinnende, let metal. Det klassificeres somme tider sammen med yttrium samt lanthaniderne og actiniderne som en sjælden jordart.

Fase ved STP	Fast
Massefylde	2.985 g/cm3
Atommasse	44.9559 u

Smeltepunkt	1814 K 1540.85 °C 2805.53 °F
Kogepunkt	3109 K 2835.85 °C 5136.53 °F
Fordampningsvarme	304.8 kJ/mol

Elektronegativitet (Pauling Scale)	1.36
Elektronaffinitet	18 kJ/mol
Oxidationstrin	0, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide)
Ioniseringsenergier	633.1 kJ/mol 1235 kJ/mol 2388.6 kJ/mol 7090.6 kJ/mol 8843 kJ/mol 10679 kJ/mol 13310 kJ/mol 15250 kJ/mol 17370 kJ/mol 21726 kJ/mol 24102 kJ/mol 66320 kJ/mol 73010 kJ/mol 80160 kJ/mol 89490 kJ/mol 97400 kJ/mol 105600 kJ/mol 117000 kJ/mol 124270 kJ/mol 547530 kJ/mol 582163 kJ/mol

Elektronkonfiguration Kortfattet konfiguration	[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Elektronkonfiguration Fuld konfiguration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2
Elektronkonfigurationsdiagram	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2
Elektroner pr. Skal	2, 8, 9, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	3
Valency-elektroner	3
Bohrs atommodel	Figur: Skaldiagram af Scandium (Sc) atom.
Orbital diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s

Forudsigelse	Dmitrij Mendelejev (1871)
Opdagelse og første isolation	Lars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
Opdagelse af scandium Dmitri Mendeleev, who is referred to as the father of the periodic table, predicted the existence of an element ekaboron, with an atomic mass between 40 and 48 in 1869. Lars Fredrik Nilson and his team detected this element in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite in 1879. Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity. He named the element scandium, from the Latin Scandia meaning "Scandinavia". Nilson was apparently unaware of Mendeleev's prediction, but Per Teodor Cleve recognized the correspondence and notified Mendeleev. Metallic scandium was produced for the first time in 1937 by electrolysis of a eutectic mixture of potassium, lithium, and scandium chlorides, at 700–800 °C.

Original word	Scandia
Language of origin	Latin
Name source	Sted
Meaning	“Scandinavia”
Land	Sweden
Naming The name derives from the Latin word 'Scandia', meaning Scandinavia, because the element occurs in rare minerals found there.

CAS Number	7440-20-2
ChemSpider ID	22392
EC number	231-129-2
PubChem CID Number	23952