Symbol | Sc |
Atomnummer | 21 |
Gruppe | 3 (Scandiumgruppe) |
Periode | 4 |
Blok | d |
Klassifikation | Overgangsmetal |
Udseende | Silvery white |
Farve | Sølv |
Antal protoner | 21 p+ |
Antal neutroner | 24 n0 |
Antal elektroner | 21 e- |
Fase ved STP | Fast |
Massefylde | 2.985 g/cm3 |
Atommasse | 44.9559 u |
Smeltepunkt | 1814 K 1540.85 °C 2805.53 °F |
Kogepunkt | 3109 K 2835.85 °C 5136.53 °F |
Fordampningsvarme | 304.8 kJ/mol |
Elektronegativitet (Pauling Scale) | 1.36 |
Elektronaffinitet | 18 kJ/mol |
Oxidationstrin | 0, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) |
Ioniseringsenergier |
|
Forudsigelse | Dmitrij Mendelejev (1871) |
Opdagelse og første isolation | Lars Fredrik Nilson (1879) |
Opdagelse af scandium Dmitri Mendeleev, who is referred to as the father of the periodic table, predicted the existence of an element ekaboron, with an atomic mass between 40 and 48 in 1869. Lars Fredrik Nilson and his team detected this element in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite in 1879. Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity. He named the element scandium, from the Latin Scandia meaning "Scandinavia". Nilson was apparently unaware of Mendeleev's prediction, but Per Teodor Cleve recognized the correspondence and notified Mendeleev. Metallic scandium was produced for the first time in 1937 by electrolysis of a eutectic mixture of potassium, lithium, and scandium chlorides, at 700–800 °C. |