Símbolo | Fe |
Número atómico | 26 |
Grupo | 8 (Familia del hierro) |
Período | 4 |
Bloque | d |
Clasificación | Metal de transición |
Apariencia | Lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge |
Color | Gris |
Número de protones | 26 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 30 n0 |
Número de electrones | 26 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 7.874 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 55.8452 u |
Punto de fusión | 1811 K 1537.85 °C 2800.13 °F |
Punto de ebullición | 3134 K 2860.85 °C 5181.53 °F |
Entalpía de vaporización | 349.5 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 1.83 |
Afinidad electrónica | 14.785 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento | Middle East (5000 BC) |
Descubrimiento de hierro There is evidence that iron was known from before 5000 BC. The oldest known iron objects used by humans are some beads of meteoric iron, made in Egypt in about 4000 BC. The discovery of smelting around 3000 BC led to the start of the Iron Age around 1200 BC and the prominent use of iron for tools and weapons. However, iron artefacts of great age are much rarer than objects made of gold or silver due to the ease with which iron corrodes. The technology developed slowly, and even after the discovery of smelting it took many centuries for iron to replace bronze as the metal of choice for tools and weapons. |