9
F
18.9984
Fluorine
Nonmetal
Group 17
Period 2
Block p
Gas
Fluorine is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol F and atomic number 9 with an atomic weight of 18.9984 u and is classed as nonmetal and is part of group 17 (fluorine group). Fluorine is gas at room temperature.
Fluorine in the periodic table
| Symbol | F |
| Atomic number | 9 |
| Group | 17 (Fluorine group) |
| Period | 2 |
| Block | p |
| Classification | Nonmetal |
| Appearance | - |
| Color | Colorless |
| Number of protons | 9 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 10 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 9 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive:almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Gas |
| Density | 1.696 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 18.9984 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 53.48 K -219.67 °C -363.406 °F |
| Boiling point | 85.03 K -188.12 °C -306.616 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 3.2698 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 3.98 |
| Electron affinity | 328.165 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | −1, 0 (oxidizes oxygen) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for fluorine
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [He] 2s2 2p5 | ||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p5 | ||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 7 | ||||||||
| Valence electrons | 7 | ||||||||
| Valency electrons | 1 | ||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Fluorine (F) atom. | ||||||||
Orbital Diagram |
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The history of Fluorine
| Discovery | André-Marie Ampère (1810) |
| First isolation | Henri Moissan (1886) |
| Named by | Humphry Davy, André-Marie Ampère |
Discovery of fluorine Fluorite, the primary mineral source of fluorine which gave the element its name, was first described in 1529; as it was added to metal ores to lower their melting points for smelting, the Latin verb fluo meaning 'flow' gave the mineral its name. Proposed as an element in 1810, fluorine proved difficult and dangerous to separate from its compounds, and several early experimenters died or sustained injuries from their attempts. Only in 1886 did French chemist Henri Moissan isolate elemental fluorine using low-temperature electrolysis, a process still employed for modern production. | |
| Original word | fluere |
| Language of origin | Latin |
| Name source | Properties |
| Meaning | “To flow” |
Naming The name is derived from the mineral fluorite which comes from the Latin word fluere meaning "to flow". | |