Lead Polonium

Bismuth (Bi)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.

Bismuth in the periodic table

Symbol

Atomic number

Group

Period

Block

Element category

Post-Transition Metal

Physical properties

Phase at STP

Solid

Density

9.78 g/cm³

Atomic weight

208.98 u

Melting point

544.7 K
271.55 °C
520.79 °F

Boiling point

1837 K
1563.85 °C
2846.93 °F

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)

2.02

Electron affinity

90.924 kJ/mol

Oxidation states

−3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
(a mildly acidic oxide)

Ionization energies

1	703 kJ/mol
2	1610 kJ/mol
3	2466 kJ/mol
4	4370 kJ/mol
5	5400 kJ/mol
6	8520 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

Elektronkonfiguration (shorthand)

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5

History

Discovered

1000

Discovered by

Jabirian corpus