From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores. | |||||||||||||
Bismuth in the periodic table | |||||||||||||
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Symbol | Bi | ||||||||||||
Atomic number | 83 | ||||||||||||
Group | 15 | ||||||||||||
Period | 6 | ||||||||||||
Block | p | ||||||||||||
Element category | Post-Transition Metal | ||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||
Phase at STP | Solid | ||||||||||||
Density | 9.78 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||
Atomic weight | 208.98 u | ||||||||||||
Melting point | 544.7 K 271.55 °C 520.79 °F | ||||||||||||
Boiling point | 1837 K 1563.85 °C 2846.93 °F | ||||||||||||
Atomic properties | |||||||||||||
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 2.02 | ||||||||||||
Electron affinity | 90.924 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | ||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration | |||||||||||||
Elektronkonfiguration (shorthand) | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 | ||||||||||||
Electron configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p3 | ||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
Discovered | 1000 | ||||||||||||
Discovered by | Jabirian corpus |