Tungsten

Symbol	W
Atomic number	74
Group	6 (Chromium group)
Period	6
Block	d
Classification	Transition Metal

Appearance	Grayish white, lustrous
Color	Gray

Number of protons	74 p+
Number of neutrons	110 n0
Number of electrons	74 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The word tungsten comes from the Swedish language tung sten, which directly translates to heavy stone. Its name in Swedish is volfram, however, in order to distinguish it from scheelite, which in Swedish is alternatively named tungsten.

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	19.25 g/cm3
Atomic weight	183.841 u

Melting point	3695 K 3421.85 °C 6191.33 °F
Boiling point	6203 K 5929.85 °C 10705.73 °F
Heat of vaporization	422.58 kJ/mol

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	2.36
Electron affinity	78.76 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Ionization energies	770 kJ/mol 1700 kJ/mol

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d4 6s2
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d4 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	6
Valency electrons	6
Bohr model	Figure: Shell diagram of Tungsten (W) atom.
Orbital Diagram 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 6s

Discovery and first isolation	Juan José Elhuyar, Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Named by	Torbern Bergman (1781)
Discovery of tungsten In 1781, Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered that a new acid, tungstic acid, could be made from scheelite (at the time called tungsten). Scheele and Torbern Bergman suggested that it might be possible to obtain a new metal by reducing this acid. In 1783, José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid made from wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid. Later that year, at the Royal Basque Society in the town of Bergara, Spain, the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten by reduction of this acid with charcoal, and they are credited with the discovery of the element (they called it "wolfram" or "volfram").

Original word	tung sten
Language of origin	Swedish
Name source	Properties
Meaning	“Heavy stone”
Country	Sweden
Symbol origin	Symbol W is from the German name Wolfram.
Naming The name is derived from the Swedish 'tung sten', meaning 'heavy stone', after the dense mineral now known as scheelite. The symbol W comes from the German wolfram.

CAS Number	7440-33-7
ChemSpider ID	22403
EC number	231-143-9
PubChem CID Number	23964