62
Sm
150.362
Samarium
Lanthanide
Period 6
Block f
Samarium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Sm and atomic number 62 with an atomic weight of 150.362 u and is classed as lanthanide. Samarium is solid at room temperature.
Samarium in the periodic table
| Symbol | Sm |
| Atomic number | 62 |
| Group | - |
| Period | 6 |
| Block | f |
| Classification | Lanthanide |
| Appearance | Silvery white |
| Color | Silver |
| Number of protons | 62 p+ |
| Number of neutrons | 88 n0 |
| Number of electrons | 62 e- |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSamarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3.
Physical properties
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Density | 7.52 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 150.362 u |
Thermal properties
| Melting point | 1345 K 1071.85 °C 1961.33 °F |
| Boiling point | 2173 K 1899.85 °C 3451.73 °F |
| Heat of vaporization | 191.63 kJ/mol |
Atomic properties
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 1.17 |
| Electron affinity | 15.63 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | 0, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration for samarium
Electron configuration Shorthand configuration | [Xe] 4f6 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f6 5s2 5p6 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration chart |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outer shell electrons | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency electrons | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohr model | Figure: Shell diagram of Samarium (Sm) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbital Diagram
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The history of Samarium
| Discovery and first isolation | Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1879) |
| Named by | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
Discovery of samarium Detection of samarium and related elements was announced by several scientists in the second half of the 19th century; however, most sources give priority to French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Boisbaudran isolated samarium oxide and/or hydroxide in Paris in 1879 from the mineral samarskite and identified a new element in it via sharp optical absorption lines. Swiss chemist Marc Delafontaine announced a new element decipium (from Latin: decipiens meaning "deceptive, misleading") in 1878, but later in 1880–1881 demonstrated that it was a mix of several elements, one being identical to Boisbaudran's samarium. Though samarskite was first found in the remote Russian region of Urals, by the late 1870s it had been found in other places, making it available to many researchers. In particular, it was found that the samarium isolated by Boisbaudran was also impure and had a comparable amount of europium. The pure element was produced only in 1901 by Eugène-Anatole Demarçay. Boisbaudran named his element samaria after the mineral samarskite, which in turn honored Vassili Samarsky-Bykhovets (1803–1870). | |
| Original word | Samarskit |
| Language of origin | German |
| Name source | Mineral |
| Meaning | “Samarskite” |
Naming The name is derived from the mineral samarskite, itself named after the Russian mining engineer Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets in the 19th century. | |