Niobium Technetium

Molybdenum (Mo)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMolybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores. Molybdenum minerals have been known throughout history, but the element was discovered (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Molybdenum in the periodic table

Symbol

Atomic number

Group

Period

Block

Element category

Transition Metal

Physical properties

Phase at STP

Solid

Density

10.28 g/cm³

Atomic weight

95.951 u

Melting point

2896 K
2622.85 °C
4753.13 °F

Boiling point

4912 K
4638.85 °C
8381.93 °F

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)

2.16

Electron affinity

72.1 kJ/mol

Oxidation states

−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6
(a strongly acidic oxide)

Ionization energies

1	684.3 kJ/mol
2	1560 kJ/mol
3	2618 kJ/mol
4	4480 kJ/mol
5	5257 kJ/mol
6	6640.8 kJ/mol
7	12125 kJ/mol
8	13860 kJ/mol
9	15835 kJ/mol
10	17980 kJ/mol
11	20190 kJ/mol
12	22219 kJ/mol
13	26930 kJ/mol
14	29196 kJ/mol
15	52490 kJ/mol
16	55000 kJ/mol
17	61400 kJ/mol
18	67700 kJ/mol
19	74000 kJ/mol
20	80400 kJ/mol
21	87000 kJ/mol
22	93400 kJ/mol
23	98420 kJ/mol
24	104400 kJ/mol
25	121900 kJ/mol
26	127700 kJ/mol
27	133800 kJ/mol
28	139800 kJ/mol
29	148100 kJ/mol
30	154500 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

Elektronkonfiguration (shorthand)

[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁵ 5s¹

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 18, 13, 1

History

Discovered

1778

Discovered by

Carl Wilhelm Scheele