Yttrium

Symbol	Y
Atomic number	39
Group	3 (Scandium group)
Period	5
Block	d
Classification	Transition Metal

Appearance	Silvery white
Color	Silver

Number of protons	39 p+
Number of neutrons	50 n0
Number of electrons	39 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaYttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	4.472 g/cm3
Atomic weight	88.9058 u

Melting point	1799 K 1525.85 °C 2778.53 °F
Boiling point	3203 K 2929.85 °C 5305.73 °F
Heat of vaporization	363.3 kJ/mol

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.22
Electron affinity	29.6 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)
Ionization energies	600 kJ/mol 1180 kJ/mol 1980 kJ/mol 5847 kJ/mol 7430 kJ/mol 8970 kJ/mol 11190 kJ/mol 12450 kJ/mol 14110 kJ/mol 18400 kJ/mol 19900 kJ/mol 36090 kJ/mol

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d1 5s2
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d1 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	3
Valency electrons	3
Bohr model	Figure: Shell diagram of Yttrium (Y) atom.
Orbital Diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s

Discovery	Johan Gadolin (1794)
First isolation	Friedrich Wöhler (1838)
Discovery of yttrium In 1787, part-time chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a heavy black rock in an old quarry near the Swedish village of Ytterby (now part of the Stockholm Archipelago). Thinking it was an unknown mineral containing the newly discovered element tungsten, he named it ytterbite[d] and sent samples to various chemists for analysis. Johan Gadolin at the University of Åbo identified a new oxide (or "earth") in Arrhenius' sample in 1789, and published his completed analysis in 1794. Anders Gustaf Ekeberg confirmed the identification in 1797 and named the new oxide yttria. Friedrich Wöhler is credited with first isolating the metal in 1828 by reacting a volatile chloride that he believed to be yttrium chloride with potassium. Until the early 1920s, the chemical symbol Yt was used for the element, after which Y came into common use.

Original word	Ytterby
Language of origin	Swedish
Name source	Place
Meaning	“Ytterby”
Country	Sweden
Naming The name derived from the Swedish village of Ytterby near Vaxholm where the mineral gadolinite was found.

CAS Number	7440-65-5
ChemSpider ID	22429
EC number	231-174-8
PubChem CID Number	23993