Strontium Zirconium

Yttrium (Y)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaYttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.

Yttrium in the periodic table

Symbol

Atomic number

Group

Period

Block

Element category

Transition Metal

Physical properties

Phase at STP

Solid

Density

4.472 g/cm³

Atomic weight

88.9058 u

Melting point

1799 K
1525.85 °C
2778.53 °F

Boiling point

3203 K
2929.85 °C
5305.73 °F

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)

1.22

Electron affinity

29.6 kJ/mol

Oxidation states

0, +1, +2, +3
(a weakly basic oxide)

Ionization energies

1	600 kJ/mol
2	1180 kJ/mol
3	1980 kJ/mol
4	5847 kJ/mol
5	7430 kJ/mol
6	8970 kJ/mol
7	11190 kJ/mol
8	12450 kJ/mol
9	14110 kJ/mol
10	18400 kJ/mol
11	19900 kJ/mol
12	36090 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

Elektronkonfiguration (shorthand)

[Kr] 4d¹ 5s²

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹ 5s²

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 18, 9, 2

History

Discovered

1794

Discovered by

Johan Gadolin