Yttrium

Tecken	Y
Atomnummer	39
Grupp	3 (Scandiumgruppen)
Period	5
Block	d
Ämnesklass	Övergångsmetall

Utseende	Silvery white
Färg	Silver

Antal protoner	39 p+
Antal neutroner	50 n0
Antal elektroner	39 e-

Från Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedinYttrium är ett grundämne som räknas till de sällsynta jordartsmetallerna. Det namngavs 1794 – som en jordart – efter fyndorten Ytterby gruva (vid svenska Vaxholm). 1843 fick det sitt nuvarande namn, sedan andra grundämnen (i formen av oxider) separerats.

Fas vid STP	Fast
Densitet	4.472 g/cm3
Relativ atommassa	88.9058 u

Smältpunkt	1799 K 1525.85 °C 2778.53 °F
Kokpunkt	3203 K 2929.85 °C 5305.73 °F
Ångbildningsvärme	363.3 kJ/mol

Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan)	1.22
Elektronaffinitet	29.6 kJ/mol
Oxidationstal	0, +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)
Jonisationspotential	600 kJ/mol 1180 kJ/mol 1980 kJ/mol 5847 kJ/mol 7430 kJ/mol 8970 kJ/mol 11190 kJ/mol 12450 kJ/mol 14110 kJ/mol 18400 kJ/mol 19900 kJ/mol 36090 kJ/mol

Elektronkonfiguration Kortfattad konfiguration	[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Elektronkonfiguration Full konfiguration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d1 5s2
Elektronkonfigurationsdiagram	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d1 5s2
Elektroner per skal	2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	3
Valency-elektroner	3
Bohrs atommodell	Figur: Skaldiagram över Yttrium (Y) atom.
Orbitaldiagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s

Upptäckt	Johan Gadolin (1794)
Första isolation	Friedrich Wöhler (1838)
Upptäckten av yttrium In 1787, part-time chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a heavy black rock in an old quarry near the Swedish village of Ytterby (now part of the Stockholm Archipelago). Thinking it was an unknown mineral containing the newly discovered element tungsten, he named it ytterbite[d] and sent samples to various chemists for analysis. Johan Gadolin at the University of Åbo identified a new oxide (or "earth") in Arrhenius' sample in 1789, and published his completed analysis in 1794. Anders Gustaf Ekeberg confirmed the identification in 1797 and named the new oxide yttria. Friedrich Wöhler is credited with first isolating the metal in 1828 by reacting a volatile chloride that he believed to be yttrium chloride with potassium. Until the early 1920s, the chemical symbol Yt was used for the element, after which Y came into common use.

Original word	Ytterby
Language of origin	Swedish
Name source	Plats
Meaning	“Ytterby”
Land	Sweden
Naming The name derived from the Swedish village of Ytterby near Vaxholm where the mineral gadolinite was found.

CAS Number	7440-65-5
ChemSpider ID	22429
EC number	231-174-8
PubChem CID Number	23993