Symbol	Al
Atomic number	13
Group	13 (Boron group)
Period	3
Block	p
Classification	Post-Transition Metal

Appearance	Silvery gray metallic
Color	Silver

Number of protons	13 p+
Number of neutrons	14 n0
Number of electrons	13 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust.

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	2.7 g/cm3
Atomic weight	26.9815 u

Melting point	933.47 K 660.32 °C 1220.576 °F
Boiling point	2743 K 2469.85 °C 4477.73 °F
Heat of vaporization	290.8 kJ/mol

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.61
Electron affinity	41.762 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies	577.5 kJ/mol 1816.7 kJ/mol 2744.8 kJ/mol 11577 kJ/mol 14842 kJ/mol 18379 kJ/mol 23326 kJ/mol 27465 kJ/mol 31853 kJ/mol 38473 kJ/mol 42647 kJ/mol 201266 kJ/mol 222316 kJ/mol

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 3
Valence electrons	3
Valency electrons	3
Bohr model	Figure: Shell diagram of Aluminium (Al) atom.
Orbital Diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p

Prediction	Antoine Lavoisier (1782)
Discovery	Hans Christian Ørsted (1824)
Named by	Humphry Davy (1812)
Discovery of aluminium Attempts to produce aluminium metal date back to 1760. The first successful attempt, however, was completed in 1824 by Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian Ørsted. He reacted anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium amalgam, yielding a lump of metal looking similar to tin. He presented his results and demonstrated a sample of the new metal in 1825. In 1827, German chemist Friedrich Wöhler repeated Ørsted's experiments but did not identify any aluminium. He conducted a similar experiment in the same year by mixing anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium and produced a powder of aluminium. In 1845, he was able to produce small pieces of the metal and described some physical properties of this metal. For many years thereafter, Wöhler was credited as the discoverer of aluminium. The first industrial production of aluminium was initiated by French chemist Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville in 1856.

CAS Number	7429-90-5
ChemSpider ID	4514248
EC number	231-072-3
PubChem CID Number	5359268