Magnesium Silicon

Aluminium (Al)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust.

Aluminium in the periodic table

Symbol

Atomic number

Group

Period

Block

Element category

Post-Transition Metal

Physical properties

Phase at STP

Solid

Density

2.7 g/cm³

Atomic weight

26.9815 u

Melting point

933.47 K
660.32 °C
1220.576 °F

Boiling point

2743 K
2469.85 °C
4477.73 °F

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)

1.61

Electron affinity

41.762 kJ/mol

Oxidation states

−2, −1, +1, +2, +3
(an amphoteric oxide)

Ionization energies

1	577.5 kJ/mol
2	1816.7 kJ/mol
3	2744.8 kJ/mol
4	11577 kJ/mol
5	14842 kJ/mol
6	18379 kJ/mol
7	23326 kJ/mol
8	27465 kJ/mol
9	31853 kJ/mol
10	38473 kJ/mol
11	42647 kJ/mol
12	201266 kJ/mol
13	222316 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

Elektronkonfiguration (shorthand)

[Ne] 3s² 3p¹

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 3

History

Discovered

1825

Discovered by

Hans Christian Ørsted

Named by

Humphry Davy