Magnesium (Mg)

Magnesium is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Mg and atomic number 12 with an atomic weight of 24.304 u and is classed as alkaline earth metal and is part of group 2 (alkaline earth metal). Magnesium is solid at room temperature.

Sodium Periodic table Aluminium

Magnesium in the periodic table

Symbol	Mg
Atomic number	12
Group	2 (Alkaline earth metal)
Period	3
Block	s
Classification	Alkaline Earth Metal

Appearance	Shiny grey solid
Color	Silver

Number of protons	12 p⁺
Number of neutrons	12 n⁰
Number of electrons	12 e^-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMagnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table:they each have the same electron configuration in their outer electron shell producing a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe.

Physical properties

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	1.738 g/cm³
Atomic weight	24.304 u

Thermal properties

Melting point	923 K 649.85 °C 1201.73 °F
Boiling point	1363 K 1089.85 °C 1993.73 °F
Heat of vaporization	127.6 kJ/mol

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.31
Electron affinity	-40 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	+1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide)
Ionization energies	737.7 kJ/mol 1450.7 kJ/mol 7732.7 kJ/mol 10542.5 kJ/mol 13630 kJ/mol 18020 kJ/mol 21711 kJ/mol 25661 kJ/mol 31653 kJ/mol 35458 kJ/mol 169988 kJ/mol 189368 kJ/mol

Electron configuration for magnesium

Electron configuration

Shorthand configuration

[Ne] 3s²

Electron configuration

Full configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

Electron configuration chart

1s²
2s²	2p⁶
3s²

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 2

Valence electrons

2

Valency electrons

2

Bohr model

Figure: Shell diagram of Magnesium (Mg) atom.

Orbital Diagram

1s
2s		2p
3s

The history of Magnesium

Discovery	Joseph Black (1755)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (1808)
Discovery of magnesium The name magnesium originates from the Greek word for locations related to the tribe of the Magnetes, either a district in Thessaly called Magnesia or Magnesia ad Sipylum, now in Turkey. The metal was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in England in 1808. He used electrolysis on a mixture of magnesia and mercuric oxide. Antoine Bussy prepared it in coherent form in 1831. Davy's first suggestion for a name was magnium, but the name magnesium is now used in English and all major European languages but Russian.

Periodic table history

Identifiers

List of unique identifiers for Magnesium in various chemical registry databases

CAS Number	7439-95-4
ChemSpider ID	4575328
EC number	231-104-6
PubChem CID Number	5462224