53
I
126.904
Jod
Engelska: Iodine
Icke-metall
Grupp 17
Period 5
Block p
Jod är ett kemiskt grundämne i det periodiska systemet med kemisk beteckningen I och atomnummer 53 med en atomvikt på 126.904 u och klassas som icke-metall och ingår i grupp 17 (halogener). Jod är fast vid rumstemperatur.
Jod i det periodiska systemet
| Tecken | I |
| Atomnummer | 53 |
| Grupp | 17 (Halogener) |
| Period | 5 |
| Block | p |
| Ämnesklass | Icke-metall |
| Utseende | Lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas |
| Färg | Skiffer grå |
| Antal protoner | 53 p+ |
| Antal neutroner | 74 n0 |
| Antal elektroner | 53 e- |
Från Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedinJod är ett icke-metalliskt grundämne som tillhör gruppen halogener. Jod är dock det minst reaktiva grundämnet i denna grupp.
Fysikaliska egenskaper
| Fas vid STP | Fast |
| Densitet | 4.933 g/cm3 |
| Relativ atommassa | 126.904 u |
Thermal properties
| Smältpunkt | 386.85 K 113.7 °C 236.66 °F |
| Kokpunkt | 457.4 K 184.25 °C 363.65 °F |
| Ångbildningsvärme | 20.9 kJ/mol |
Atomära egenskaper
| Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan) | 2.66 |
| Elektronaffinitet | 295.153 kJ/mol |
| Oxidationstal | −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) |
| Jonisationspotential |
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Elektronkonfiguration för jod
Elektronkonfiguration Kortfattad konfiguration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full konfiguration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elektronkonfigurationsdiagram |
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| Elektroner per skal | 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valenselektroner | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valency-elektroner | 1,3,5,7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bohrs atommodell | Figur: Skaldiagram över Jod (I) atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orbitaldiagram |
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The history of Iodine
| Upptäckt och första isolation | Bernard Courtois (1811) |
| Namngivare | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1813) |
Upptäckten av jod In 1811, iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois. He once added excessive sulfuric acid when making Saltpetre and a cloud of purple vapour rose. He noted that the vapour crystallised on cold surfaces, making dark crystals. Courtois suspected that this material was a new element but lacked funding to pursue it further. Courtois gave samples to his friends, Charles Bernard Desormes and Nicolas Clément, to continue research. He also gave some of the substance to chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, and to physicist André-Marie Ampère. On 29 November 1813, Desormes and Clément made Courtois' discovery public. They described the substance to a meeting of the Imperial Institute of France. On 6 December, Gay-Lussac announced that the new substance was either an element or a compound of oxygen. Gay-Lussac suggested the name "iode", from the Ancient Greek ἰοειδής (ioeidēs, "violet"), because of the colour of iodine vapor. Ampère had given some of his sample to English chemist Humphry Davy, who experimented on the substance and noted its similarity to chlorine. Davy sent a letter dated 10 December to the Royal Society of London stating that he had identified a new element. Arguments erupted between Davy and Gay-Lussac over who identified iodine first, but both scientists acknowledged Courtois as the first to isolate the element. | |
| Original word | iodes |
| Language of origin | Greek |
| Name source | Egenskaper |
| Meaning | “Violet” |
Naming The name comes from the Greek word 'iodes', meaning violet, after the colour of its vapour when heated. | |