Kadmium

Tecken	Cd
Atomnummer	48
Grupp	12 (Zinkgruppen)
Period	5
Block	d
Ämnesklass	Övergångsmetall

Utseende	Silvery bluish-gray metallic
Färg	Silver

Antal protoner	48 p+
Antal neutroner	64 n0
Antal elektroner	48 e-

Från Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedinKadmium, (latinskt namn: Cadmium) Cd, är ett relativt ovanligt metalliskt grundämne som räknas som en tungmetall. I periodiska systemet tillhör kadmium grupp tolv, samma grupp som zink och kvicksilver. I jordskorpan är grundämnet tämligen ovanligt, och förekommer då främst tillsammans med zink.

Fas vid STP	Fast
Densitet	8.65 g/cm3
Relativ atommassa	112.414 u

Smältpunkt	594.22 K 321.07 °C 609.926 °F
Kokpunkt	1040 K 766.85 °C 1412.33 °F
Ångbildningsvärme	99.87 kJ/mol

Elektronegativitet (Paulingskalan)	1.69
Elektronaffinitet	-68 kJ/mol
Oxidationstal	−2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)
Jonisationspotential	867.8 kJ/mol 1631.4 kJ/mol 3616 kJ/mol

Elektronkonfiguration Kortfattad konfiguration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Elektronkonfiguration Full konfiguration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2
Elektronkonfigurationsdiagram	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2
Elektroner per skal	2, 8, 18, 18, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	2
Valency-elektroner	2
Bohrs atommodell	Figur: Skaldiagram över Kadmium (Cd) atom.
Orbitaldiagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s

Upptäckt och första isolation	Friedrich Stromeyer; Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann (independently) (1817)
Namngivare	Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Upptäckten av kadmium Cadmium (Latin cadmia, Greek καδμεία meaning "calamine", a cadmium-bearing mixture of minerals that was named after the Greek mythological character Κάδμος, Cadmus, the founder of Thebes) was discovered in contaminated zinc compounds sold in pharmacies in Germany in 1817 by Friedrich Stromeyer. Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann simultaneously investigated the discoloration in zinc oxide and found an impurity, first suspected to be arsenic, because of the yellow precipitate with hydrogen sulfide. Additionally Stromeyer discovered that one supplier sold zinc carbonate instead of zinc oxide. Stromeyer found the new element as an impurity in zinc carbonate (calamine), and, for 100 years, Germany remained the only important producer of the metal. The metal was named after the Latin word for calamine, because it was found in this zinc ore. Stromeyer noted that some impure samples of calamine changed color when heated but pure calamine did not. He was persistent in studying these results and eventually isolated cadmium metal by roasting and reducing the sulfide.

Original word	cadmia
Language of origin	Latin
Name source	Mineral
Meaning	“Calamine”
Naming The name is derived from the Latin word 'cadmia', the ancient name for the zinc mineral calamine, in which cadmium was first discovered.

CAS Number	7440-43-9
ChemSpider ID	22410
EC number	231-152-8
PubChem CID Number	23973