Cadmium

Symbol	Cd
Atomnummer	48
Gruppe	12 (Zinkgruppe)
Periode	5
Blok	d
Klassifikation	Overgangsmetal

Udseende	Silvery bluish-gray metallic
Farve	Sølv

Antal protoner	48 p+
Antal neutroner	64 n0
Antal elektroner	48 e-

Fra Wikipedia, den gratis encyklopædiCadmium (indirekte efter Kadmos fra den græske mytologi) er det 48. grundstof i det periodiske system, og har det kemiske symbol Cd: Under normale tryk- og temperatur optræder dette overgangsmetal som et blødt, blåhvidt og giftigt tungmetal. Cadmium besidder en del lighedstræk med zink, som i det periodiske system står umiddelbart over cadmium. Omkring tre fjerdedele af verdens samlede cadmiumproduktion indgår i elektriske batterier, specielt i de opladelige batterier af nikkel-cadmium-typen.

Fase ved STP	Fast
Massefylde	8.65 g/cm3
Atommasse	112.414 u

Smeltepunkt	594.22 K 321.07 °C 609.926 °F
Kogepunkt	1040 K 766.85 °C 1412.33 °F
Fordampningsvarme	99.87 kJ/mol

Elektronegativitet (Pauling Scale)	1.69
Elektronaffinitet	-68 kJ/mol
Oxidationstrin	−2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)
Ioniseringsenergier	867.8 kJ/mol 1631.4 kJ/mol 3616 kJ/mol

Elektronkonfiguration Kortfattet konfiguration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Elektronkonfiguration Fuld konfiguration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2
Elektronkonfigurationsdiagram	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2
Elektroner pr. Skal	2, 8, 18, 18, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	2
Valency-elektroner	2
Bohrs atommodel	Figur: Skaldiagram af Cadmium (Cd) atom.
Orbital diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s

Opdagelse og første isolation	Friedrich Stromeyer; Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann (independently) (1817)
Navngivet af	Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Opdagelse af cadmium Cadmium (Latin cadmia, Greek καδμεία meaning "calamine", a cadmium-bearing mixture of minerals that was named after the Greek mythological character Κάδμος, Cadmus, the founder of Thebes) was discovered in contaminated zinc compounds sold in pharmacies in Germany in 1817 by Friedrich Stromeyer. Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann simultaneously investigated the discoloration in zinc oxide and found an impurity, first suspected to be arsenic, because of the yellow precipitate with hydrogen sulfide. Additionally Stromeyer discovered that one supplier sold zinc carbonate instead of zinc oxide. Stromeyer found the new element as an impurity in zinc carbonate (calamine), and, for 100 years, Germany remained the only important producer of the metal. The metal was named after the Latin word for calamine, because it was found in this zinc ore. Stromeyer noted that some impure samples of calamine changed color when heated but pure calamine did not. He was persistent in studying these results and eventually isolated cadmium metal by roasting and reducing the sulfide.

Original word	cadmia
Language of origin	Latin
Name source	Mineral
Meaning	“Calamine”
Naming The name is derived from the Latin word 'cadmia', the ancient name for the zinc mineral calamine, in which cadmium was first discovered.

CAS Number	7440-43-9
ChemSpider ID	22410
EC number	231-152-8
PubChem CID Number	23973