Símbolo | P |
Número atómico | 15 |
Grupo | 15 (Familia del nitrógeno) |
Período | 3 |
Bloque | p |
Clasificación | No metal |
Apariencia | Colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black |
Color | Incoloro |
Número de protones | 15 p+ |
Número de neutrones | 16 n0 |
Número de electrones | 15 e- |
Fase en STP | Sólido |
Densidad | 1.823 g/cm3 |
Peso atómico | 30.9738 u |
Punto de fusión | - |
Punto de ebullición | - |
Entalpía de vaporización | 12.4 kJ/mol |
Electronegatividad (Escala de Pauling) | 2.19 |
Afinidad electrónica | 72.037 kJ/mol |
Estado de oxidación | −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) |
Energía de ionización |
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Descubrimiento y primer aislamiento | Hennig Brand (1669) |
Recognised as an element by | Antoine Lavoisier (1777) |
Descubrimiento de fósforo The discovery of phosphorus, the first element to be discovered that was not known since ancient times, is credited to the German alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669, although others might have discovered phosphorus around the same time. Brand experimented with urine, which contains considerable quantities of dissolved phosphates from normal metabolism. Working in Hamburg, Brand attempted to create the fabled philosopher's stone through the distillation of some salts by evaporating urine, and in the process produced a white material that glowed in the dark and burned brilliantly. It was named phosphorus mirabilis ("miraculous bearer of light"). Phosphorus was the 13th element to be discovered. Because of its tendency to spontaneously combust when left alone in air, it is sometimes referred to as "the Devil's element". |