Cerium

Symbol	Ce
Atomic number	58
Group	-
Period	6
Block	f
Classification	Lanthanide

Appearance	Silvery white
Color	Silver

Number of protons	58 p+
Number of neutrons	82 n0
Number of electrons	58 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaCerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after the Roman goddess of agriculture).

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	6.77 g/cm3
Atomic weight	140.116 u

Melting point	1068 K 794.85 °C 1462.73 °F
Boiling point	3716 K 3442.85 °C 6229.13 °F
Heat of vaporization	313.8 kJ/mol

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.12
Electron affinity	55 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	+1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
Ionization energies	534.4 kJ/mol 1050 kJ/mol 1949 kJ/mol 3547 kJ/mol 6325 kJ/mol 7490 kJ/mol

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f1 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f1 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valency electrons	4
Bohr model	Figure: Shell diagram of Cerium (Ce) atom.
Orbital Diagram 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 6s

Discovery	Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Wilhelm Hisinger, Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1803)
First isolation	Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Named by	Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Discovery of cerium Cerium was discovered in Bastnäs in Sweden by Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger, and independently in Germany by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, both in 1803. Cerium was named by Berzelius after the asteroid Ceres, discovered two years earlier. The asteroid is itself named after the Roman goddess Ceres, goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. Cerium was originally isolated in the form of its oxide, which was named ceria, a term that is still used. Ceria, as isolated in 1803, contained all of the lanthanides present in the cerite ore from Bastnäs, Sweden, and thus only contained about 45% of what is now known to be pure ceria. It was not until Carl Gustaf Mosander succeeded in removing lanthana and "didymia" in the late 1830s that ceria was obtained pure.

Original word	Ceres
Language of origin	Latin
Name source	Astronomical body
Meaning	“Ceres (dwarf planet)”
Naming The name is derived from the dwarf planet Ceres, which had been discovered only two years before the element was identified in 1803.

CAS Number	7440-45-1
ChemSpider ID	22411
EC number	231-154-9
PubChem CID Number	23974