Zirconium

Symbol	Zr
Atomnummer	40
Gruppe	4 (Titangruppe)
Periode	5
Blok	d
Klassifikation	Overgangsmetal

Udseende	Silvery white
Farve	Sølv

Antal protoner	40 p+
Antal neutroner	51 n0
Antal elektroner	40 e-

Fra Wikipedia, den gratis encyklopædiZirconium eller zirkonium (af arabisk zarkûn, fra persisk zargûn زرگون ; "guld-lignende") er det 40. grundstof i det periodiske system og har det kemiske symbol Zr. Det er et overgangsmetal og optræder under normale temperatur- og trykforhold som et sølvskinnende, hvidt metal. Navnet zircon eller zirkon betegner normalt silikatet ZrSiO4 men anvendes undertiden om grundstoffet. Zirconium er lettere end stål og har en hårdhed, der svarer til kobbers. Desuden er det yderst modstandsdygtigt overfor korrosion og uopløseligt i alle syrer på nær flussyre.

Fase ved STP	Fast
Massefylde	6.52 g/cm3
Atommasse	91.2242 u

Smeltepunkt	2128 K 1854.85 °C 3370.73 °F
Kogepunkt	4650 K 4376.85 °C 7910.33 °F
Fordampningsvarme	590.5 kJ/mol

Elektronegativitet (Pauling Scale)	1.33
Elektronaffinitet	41.806 kJ/mol
Oxidationstrin	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Ioniseringsenergier	640.1 kJ/mol 1270 kJ/mol 2218 kJ/mol 3313 kJ/mol 7752 kJ/mol 9500 kJ/mol

Elektronkonfiguration Kortfattet konfiguration	[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Elektronkonfiguration Fuld konfiguration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d2 5s2
Elektronkonfigurationsdiagram	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d2 5s2
Elektroner pr. Skal	2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Outer shell electrons	2
Valence electrons (incl. d)	4
Valency-elektroner	4
Bohrs atommodel	Figur: Skaldiagram af Zirconium (Zr) atom.
Orbital diagram	1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s

Opdaget	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)
Første isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824)
Opdagelse af zirconium The zirconium-containing mineral zircon and related minerals (jargoon, hyacinth, jacinth, ligure) were mentioned in biblical writings. The mineral was not known to contain a new element until 1789, when Klaproth analyzed a jargoon from the island of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). He named the new element Zirkonerde (zirconia). Humphry Davy attempted to isolate this new element in 1808 through electrolysis, but failed. Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.The crystal bar process (also known as the Iodide Process), discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925, was the first industrial process for the commercial production of metallic zirconium.

Original word	zargun
Language of origin	Arabic
Name source	Egenskaber
Meaning	“Gold-like”
Naming The name is derived from the Arabic word 'zargun', meaning gold coloured.

CAS Number	7440-67-7
ChemSpider ID	22431
EC number	231-176-9
PubChem CID Number	23995