
Transition metals
Transition metals make up the broad central block of the periodic table (groups 3 through 12). They are the metals most people picture when they think of metals: iron, copper, gold, silver, nickel, zinc, titanium, tungsten and many more. They are excellent conductors, form coloured compounds, and many are good catalysts.
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| No. | Symbol | Element | Atomic weight (u) | Density (g/cm³) | Melting point (K) | Boiling point (K) | Electronegativity | Discovered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | Sc | Scandium | 44.9559 | 2.985 | 1814 | 3109 | 1.36 | 1879 |
| 22 | Ti | Titanium | 47.8671 | 4.506 | 1941 | 3560 | 1.54 | 1791 |
| 23 | V | Vanadium | 50.9415 | 6 | 2183 | 3680 | 1.63 | 1801 |
| 24 | Cr | Chromium | 51.9962 | 7.19 | 2180 | 2944 | 1.66 | 1794 |
| 25 | Mn | Manganese | 54.938 | 7.21 | 1519 | 2334 | 1.55 | 1774 |
| 26 | Fe | Iron | 55.8452 | 7.874 | 1811 | 3134 | 1.83 | 5000 BC |
| 27 | Co | Cobalt | 58.9332 | 8.9 | 1768 | 3200 | 1.88 | 1735 |
| 28 | Ni | Nickel | 58.6934 | 8.908 | 1728 | 3003 | 1.91 | 1751 |
| 29 | Cu | Copper | 63.5463 | 8.96 | 1357.77 | 2835 | 1.9 | 9000 BC |
| 30 | Zn | Zinc | 65.382 | 7.14 | 692.68 | 1180 | 1.65 | 1000 BC |
| 39 | Y | Yttrium | 88.9058 | 4.472 | 1799 | 3203 | 1.22 | 1794 |
| 40 | Zr | Zirconium | 91.2242 | 6.52 | 2128 | 4650 | 1.33 | 1789 |
| 41 | Nb | Niobium | 92.9064 | 8.57 | 2750 | 5017 | 1.6 | 1801 |
| 42 | Mo | Molybdenum | 95.951 | 10.28 | 2896 | 4912 | 2.16 | 1778 |
| 43 | Tc | Technetium | 98.9062 | 11 | 2430 | 4538 | 1.9 | 1937 |
| 44 | Ru | Ruthenium | 101.072 | 12.45 | 2607 | 4423 | 2.2 | 1844 |
| 45 | Rh | Rhodium | 102.906 | 12.41 | 2237 | 3968 | 2.28 | 1804 |
| 46 | Pd | Palladium | 106.421 | 12.023 | 1828.05 | 3236 | 2.2 | 1802 |
| 47 | Ag | Silver | 107.868 | 10.49 | 1234.93 | 2435 | 1.93 | 5000 BC |
| 48 | Cd | Cadmium | 112.414 | 8.65 | 594.22 | 1040 | 1.69 | 1817 |
| 72 | Hf | Hafnium | 178.492 | 13.31 | 2506 | 4876 | 1.3 | 1922 |
| 73 | Ta | Tantalum | 180.948 | 16.69 | 3290 | 5731 | 1.5 | 1802 |
| 74 | W | Tungsten | 183.841 | 19.25 | 3695 | 6203 | 2.36 | 1783 |
| 75 | Re | Rhenium | 186.207 | 21.02 | 3459 | 5869 | 1.9 | 1925 |
| 76 | Os | Osmium | 190.233 | 22.59 | 3306 | 5285 | 2.2 | 1803 |
| 77 | Ir | Iridium | 192.217 | 22.56 | 2719 | 4403 | 2.2 | 1803 |
| 78 | Pt | Platinum | 195.085 | 21.45 | 2041.4 | 4098 | 2.28 | 1735 |
| 79 | Au | Gold | 196.967 | 19.3 | 1337.33 | 3243 | 2.54 | 6000 BC |
| 80 | Hg | Mercury | 200.592 | 13.534 | 234.321 | 629.88 | 2 | 1500 BC |
| 104 | Rf | Rutherfordium | 261 | 23.2 | 2400 | 5800 | - | 1969 |
| 105 | Db | Dubnium | 268 | 29.3 | - | - | - | 1970 |
| 106 | Sg | Seaborgium | 269 | 35 | - | - | - | 1974 |
| 107 | Bh | Bohrium | 270.133 | 37.1 | - | - | - | 1981 |
| 108 | Hs | Hassium | 269 | 40.7 | 126 | - | - | 1984 |
| 112 | Cn | Copernicium | 285 | 23.7 | - | 3570 | - | 1996 |