
Period 3 elements
Period 3 covers eight elements from sodium to argon. It mirrors period 2 in structure but with a third electron shell, and includes industrially crucial elements like aluminium, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur.
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| No. | Symbol | Element | Atomic weight (u) | Density (g/cm³) | Melting point (K) | Boiling point (K) | Electronegativity | Discovered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Na | Sodium | 22.9898 | 0.968 | 370.944 | 1156.09 | 0.93 | 1807 |
| 12 | Mg | Magnesium | 24.304 | 1.738 | 923 | 1363 | 1.31 | 1755 |
| 13 | Al | Aluminium | 26.9815 | 2.7 | 933.47 | 2743 | 1.61 | 1824 |
| 14 | Si | Silicon | 28.084 | 2.329 | 1687 | 3538 | 1.9 | 1823 |
| 15 | P | Phosphorus | 30.9738 | 1.823 | - | - | 2.19 | 1669 |
| 16 | S | Sulfur | 32.059 | 2.07 | 388.36 | 717.8 | 2.58 | 2000 BC |
| 17 | Cl | Chlorine | 35.446 | 3.2 | 171.6 | 239.11 | 3.16 | 1774 |
| 18 | Ar | Argon | 39.792 | 1.784 | 83.81 | 87.302 | - | 1894 |