Nonmetals
Nonmetals make up only a small fraction of the periodic table but include some of the most chemically important elements: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and the halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). They are typically poor conductors of heat and electricity and form covalent bonds rather than the metallic bonds that dominate the rest of the table.
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| No. | Symbol | Element | Atomic weight (u) | Density (g/cm³) | Melting point (K) | Boiling point (K) | Electronegativity | Discovered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | Hydrogen | 1.0079 | 0.08988 | 13.99 | 20.271 | 2.2 | 1766 |
| 6 | C | Carbon | 12.0096 | 1.821 | - | - | 2.55 | 3750 BC |
| 7 | N | Nitrogen | 14.0064 | 1.251 | 63.15 | 77.355 | 3.04 | 1772 |
| 8 | O | Oxygen | 15.999 | 1.429 | 54.36 | 90.188 | 3.44 | 1774 |
| 9 | F | Fluorine | 18.9984 | 1.696 | 53.48 | 85.03 | 3.98 | 1810 |
| 15 | P | Phosphorus | 30.9738 | 1.823 | - | - | 2.19 | 1669 |
| 16 | S | Sulfur | 32.059 | 2.07 | 388.36 | 717.8 | 2.58 | 2000 BC |
| 17 | Cl | Chlorine | 35.446 | 3.2 | 171.6 | 239.11 | 3.16 | 1774 |
| 34 | Se | Selenium | 78.9718 | 4.81 | 494 | 958 | 2.55 | 1817 |
| 35 | Br | Bromine | 79.901 | 3.1028 | 265.8 | 332 | 2.96 | 1825 |
| 53 | I | Iodine | 126.904 | 4.933 | 386.85 | 457.4 | 2.66 | 1811 |