Lanthanides
The lanthanides (atomic numbers 57-71, from lanthanum to lutetium) are the upper of the two long rows pulled out below the main table. They are also known as the rare-earth elements, although most are not particularly rare. They are essential for permanent magnets, lasers, phosphors and many high-tech alloys.
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| No. | Symbol | Element | Atomic weight (u) | Density (g/cm³) | Melting point (K) | Boiling point (K) | Electronegativity | Discovered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 57 | La | Lanthanum | 138.905 | 6.162 | 1193 | 3737 | 1.1 | 1838 |
| 58 | Ce | Cerium | 140.116 | 6.77 | 1068 | 3716 | 1.12 | 1803 |
| 59 | Pr | Praseodymium | 140.908 | 6.77 | 1208 | 3403 | 1.13 | 1885 |
| 60 | Nd | Neodymium | 144.242 | 7.01 | 1297 | 3347 | 1.14 | 1885 |
| 61 | Pm | Promethium | 145 | 7.26 | 1315 | 3273 | 1.13 | 1945 |
| 62 | Sm | Samarium | 150.362 | 7.52 | 1345 | 2173 | 1.17 | 1879 |
| 63 | Eu | Europium | 151.964 | 5.264 | 1099 | 1802 | 1.2 | 1896 |
| 64 | Gd | Gadolinium | 157.253 | 7.9 | 1585 | 3273 | 1.2 | 1880 |
| 65 | Tb | Terbium | 158.925 | 8.23 | 1629 | 3396 | 1.1 | 1843 |
| 66 | Dy | Dysprosium | 162.5 | 8.54 | 1680 | 2840 | 1.22 | 1886 |
| 67 | Ho | Holmium | 164.93 | 8.79 | 1734 | 2873 | 1.23 | 1878 |
| 68 | Er | Erbium | 167.259 | 9.066 | 1802 | 3141 | 1.24 | 1843 |
| 69 | Tm | Thulium | 168.934 | 9.32 | 1818 | 2223 | 1.25 | 1879 |
| 70 | Yb | Ytterbium | 173.045 | 6.9 | 1097 | 1469 | 1.1 | 1878 |
| 71 | Lu | Lutetium | 174.967 | 9.841 | 1925 | 3675 | 1.27 | 1907 |