Alkaline earth metals
The alkaline earth metals (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium) make up Group 2. They are harder and denser than the alkali metals and react less violently with water, but they are still reactive enough to be rare as free metals in nature. Calcium and magnesium in particular are crucial for biology and engineering.
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| No. | Symbol | Element | Atomic weight (u) | Density (g/cm³) | Melting point (K) | Boiling point (K) | Electronegativity | Discovered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Be | Beryllium | 9.01218 | 1.85 | 1560 | 2742 | 1.57 | 1798 |
| 12 | Mg | Magnesium | 24.304 | 1.738 | 923 | 1363 | 1.31 | 1755 |
| 20 | Ca | Calcium | 40.0784 | 1.55 | 1115 | 1757 | 1 | 1808 |
| 38 | Sr | Strontium | 87.621 | 2.64 | 1050 | 1650 | 0.95 | 1787 |
| 56 | Ba | Barium | 137.328 | 3.51 | 1000 | 2118 | 0.89 | 1772 |
| 88 | Ra | Radium | 226 | 5.5 | 1233 | 2010 | 0.9 | 1898 |