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Compare Sodium vs Silicon

Comparing Sodium (Na) and Silicon (Si). Atomic numbers 11 and 14 with atomic masses 22.99 u and 28.084 u, classified as alkali metal and metalloid. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Na
Sodium
#11
Si
Silicon
#14

Periodic properties of the elements

SodiumSilicon
SymbolNaSi
Atomic number1114
Group114
Period33
Blocksp
Element categoryAlkali MetalMetalloid

Physical properties

SodiumSilicon
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density0.968 g/cm32.329 g/cm3
Atomic weight22.9898 u28.084 u
Melting point370.944 K
97.794 °C
208.0292 °F		1687 K
1413.85 °C
2576.93 °F
Boiling point1156.09 K
882.94 °C
1621.292 °F		3538 K
3264.85 °C
5908.73 °F

Atomic properties

SodiumSilicon
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)0.931.9
Electron affinity52.867 kJ/mol134.068 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−1, +1
(a strongly basic oxide)		−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 495.8 kJ/mol
  2. 4562 kJ/mol
  3. 6910.3 kJ/mol
  4. 9543 kJ/mol
  5. 13354 kJ/mol
  6. 16613 kJ/mol
  7. 20117 kJ/mol
  8. 25496 kJ/mol
  9. 28932 kJ/mol
  10. 141362 kJ/mol
  11. 159076 kJ/mol
  1. 786.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1577.1 kJ/mol
  3. 3231.6 kJ/mol
  4. 4355.5 kJ/mol
  5. 16091 kJ/mol
  6. 19805 kJ/mol
  7. 23780 kJ/mol
  8. 29287 kJ/mol
  9. 33878 kJ/mol
  10. 38726 kJ/mol
  11. 45962 kJ/mol
  12. 50502 kJ/mol
  13. 235196 kJ/mol
  14. 257923 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

SodiumSilicon
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s1 [Ne] 3s2 3p2
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 12, 8, 4

History

SodiumSilicon
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier (1787)
DiscoveryHumphry Davy (1807)Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
First isolationHumphry Davy (1807)Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
Named byThomas Thomson (1817)
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