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Compare Silicon vs Tin

Comparing Silicon (Si) and Tin (Sn). Atomic numbers 14 and 50 with atomic masses 28.084 u and 118.711 u, classified as metalloid and post-transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Si
Silicon
#14
Sn
Tin
#50

Periodic properties of the elements

SiliconTin
SymbolSiSn
Atomic number1450
Group1414
Period35
Blockpp
Element categoryMetalloidPost-Transition Metal

Physical properties

SiliconTin
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density2.329 g/cm37.365 g/cm3
Atomic weight28.084 u118.711 u
Melting point1687 K
1413.85 °C
2576.93 °F		505.08 K
231.93 °C
449.474 °F
Boiling point3538 K
3264.85 °C
5908.73 °F		2875 K
2601.85 °C
4715.33 °F

Atomic properties

SiliconTin
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.91.96
Electron affinity134.068 kJ/mol107.298 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(an amphoteric oxide)		−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 786.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1577.1 kJ/mol
  3. 3231.6 kJ/mol
  4. 4355.5 kJ/mol
  5. 16091 kJ/mol
  6. 19805 kJ/mol
  7. 23780 kJ/mol
  8. 29287 kJ/mol
  9. 33878 kJ/mol
  10. 38726 kJ/mol
  11. 45962 kJ/mol
  12. 50502 kJ/mol
  13. 235196 kJ/mol
  14. 257923 kJ/mol
  1. 708.6 kJ/mol
  2. 1411.8 kJ/mol
  3. 2943 kJ/mol
  4. 3930.3 kJ/mol
  5. 7456 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

SiliconTin
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p2 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 42, 8, 18, 18, 4

History

SiliconTin
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier (1787)
DiscoveryJöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)Asia Minor (3500 BC)
First isolationJöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
Named byThomas Thomson (1817)
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