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Compare Silicon vs Lead

Comparing Silicon (Si) and Lead (Pb). Atomic numbers 14 and 82 with atomic masses 28.084 u and 207.21 u, classified as metalloid and post-transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Si
Silicon
#14
Pb
Lead
#82

Periodic properties of the elements

SiliconLead
SymbolSiPb
Atomic number1482
Group1414
Period36
Blockpp
Element categoryMetalloidPost-Transition Metal

Physical properties

SiliconLead
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density2.329 g/cm311.34 g/cm3
Atomic weight28.084 u207.21 u
Melting point1687 K
1413.85 °C
2576.93 °F		600.61 K
327.46 °C
621.428 °F
Boiling point3538 K
3264.85 °C
5908.73 °F		2022 K
1748.85 °C
3179.93 °F

Atomic properties

SiliconLead
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.91.87
Electron affinity134.068 kJ/mol34.4204 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(an amphoteric oxide)		−4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4
(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 786.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1577.1 kJ/mol
  3. 3231.6 kJ/mol
  4. 4355.5 kJ/mol
  5. 16091 kJ/mol
  6. 19805 kJ/mol
  7. 23780 kJ/mol
  8. 29287 kJ/mol
  9. 33878 kJ/mol
  10. 38726 kJ/mol
  11. 45962 kJ/mol
  12. 50502 kJ/mol
  13. 235196 kJ/mol
  14. 257923 kJ/mol
  1. 715.6 kJ/mol
  2. 1450.5 kJ/mol
  3. 3081.5 kJ/mol
  4. 4083 kJ/mol
  5. 6640 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

SiliconLead
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p2 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 42, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4

History

SiliconLead
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier (1787)
DiscoveryJöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)Ancient Near East (7000 BC)
First isolationJöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
Named byThomas Thomson (1817)
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