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Compare Plutonium vs Thorium

Comparing Plutonium (Pu) and Thorium (Th). Atomic numbers 94 and 90 with atomic masses 244 u and 232.038 u, classified as actinide and actinide. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Pu
Plutonium
#94
Th
Thorium
#90

Periodic properties of the elements

PlutoniumThorium
SymbolPuTh
Atomic number9490
Group00
Period77
Blockff
Element categoryActinideActinide

Physical properties

PlutoniumThorium
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density19.816 g/cm311.724 g/cm3
Atomic weight244 u232.038 u
Melting point912.5 K
639.35 °C
1182.83 °F		2023 K
1749.85 °C
3181.73 °F
Boiling point3505 K
3231.85 °C
5849.33 °F		5061 K
4787.85 °C
8650.13 °F

Atomic properties

PlutoniumThorium
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.281.3
Electron affinity-48.33 kJ/mol112.72 kJ/mol
Oxidation states+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8
(an amphoteric oxide)		+1, +2, +3, +4
(a weakly basic oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 584.7 kJ/mol
  2. 1128 kJ/mol
  3. 2084 kJ/mol
  4. 3338 kJ/mol
  1. 587 kJ/mol
  2. 1110 kJ/mol
  3. 1930 kJ/mol
  4. 2780 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

PlutoniumThorium
Shorthand configuration[Rn] 5f6 7s2 [Rn] 6d2 7s2
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f6 6s2 6p6 7s2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 6d2 7s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 22, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2

History

PlutoniumThorium
DiscoveryGlenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940)Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829)
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