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Compare Phosphorus vs Bismuth

Comparing Phosphorus (P) and Bismuth (Bi). Atomic numbers 15 and 83 with atomic masses 30.974 u and 208.98 u, classified as nonmetal and post-transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
P
Phosphorus
#15
Bi
Bismuth
#83

Periodic properties of the elements

PhosphorusBismuth
SymbolPBi
Atomic number1583
Group1515
Period36
Blockpp
Element categoryNonmetalPost-Transition Metal

Physical properties

PhosphorusBismuth
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density1.823 g/cm39.78 g/cm3
Atomic weight30.9738 u208.98 u
Melting point-544.7 K
271.55 °C
520.79 °F
Boiling point-1837 K
1563.85 °C
2846.93 °F

Atomic properties

PhosphorusBismuth
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)2.192.02
Electron affinity72.037 kJ/mol90.924 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
(a mildly acidic oxide)		−3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
(a mildly acidic oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 1011.8 kJ/mol
  2. 1907 kJ/mol
  3. 2914.1 kJ/mol
  4. 4963.6 kJ/mol
  5. 6273.9 kJ/mol
  6. 21267 kJ/mol
  7. 25431 kJ/mol
  8. 29872 kJ/mol
  9. 35905 kJ/mol
  10. 40950 kJ/mol
  11. 46261 kJ/mol
  12. 54110 kJ/mol
  13. 59024 kJ/mol
  14. 271791 kJ/mol
  15. 296195 kJ/mol
  1. 703 kJ/mol
  2. 1610 kJ/mol
  3. 2466 kJ/mol
  4. 4370 kJ/mol
  5. 5400 kJ/mol
  6. 8520 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

PhosphorusBismuth
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p3 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electrons per shell2, 8, 52, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5

History

PhosphorusBismuth
DiscoveryHennig Brand (1669)Claude François Geoffroy (1753)
First isolationHennig Brand (1669)
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