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Compare Phosphorus vs Antimony

Comparing Phosphorus (P) and Antimony (Sb). Atomic numbers 15 and 51 with atomic masses 30.974 u and 121.76 u, classified as nonmetal and metalloid. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
P
Phosphorus
#15
Sb
Antimony
#51

Periodic properties of the elements

PhosphorusAntimony
SymbolPSb
Atomic number1551
Group1515
Period35
Blockpp
Element categoryNonmetalMetalloid

Physical properties

PhosphorusAntimony
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density1.823 g/cm36.697 g/cm3
Atomic weight30.9738 u121.76 u
Melting point-903.78 K
630.63 °C
1167.134 °F
Boiling point-1908 K
1634.85 °C
2974.73 °F

Atomic properties

PhosphorusAntimony
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)2.192.05
Electron affinity72.037 kJ/mol101.059 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
(a mildly acidic oxide)		−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 1011.8 kJ/mol
  2. 1907 kJ/mol
  3. 2914.1 kJ/mol
  4. 4963.6 kJ/mol
  5. 6273.9 kJ/mol
  6. 21267 kJ/mol
  7. 25431 kJ/mol
  8. 29872 kJ/mol
  9. 35905 kJ/mol
  10. 40950 kJ/mol
  11. 46261 kJ/mol
  12. 54110 kJ/mol
  13. 59024 kJ/mol
  14. 271791 kJ/mol
  15. 296195 kJ/mol
  1. 834 kJ/mol
  2. 1594.9 kJ/mol
  3. 2440 kJ/mol
  4. 4260 kJ/mol
  5. 5400 kJ/mol
  6. 10400 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

PhosphorusAntimony
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p3 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3
Electrons per shell2, 8, 52, 8, 18, 18, 5

History

PhosphorusAntimony
DiscoveryHennig Brand (1669)Jabir ibn Hayyan (intentional isolation) (850)
First isolationHennig Brand (1669)
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